CVE Brief Security Intelligence

ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. In versions prior to 7.2.0, the database backup restore functionality extracts uploaded archive contents and copies files from the Images/ directory into the web-accessible document root using recursiveCopyDirectory(), which performs no file extension filtering. An authenticated administrator can upload a crafted backup archive containing a PHP webshell inside the Images/ directory, which is then written to a publicly accessible path and executable via HTTP requests, resulting in remote code execution as the web server user. The restore endpoint also lacks CSRF token validation, enabling exploitation through cross-site request forgery targeting an authenticated administrator. This issue has been fixed in version 7.2.0.

A SQL injection vulnerability in CodeAstro Simple Attendance Management System v1.0 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication via the username parameter in index.php.

Hot Chocolate is an open-source GraphQL server. Prior to versions 12.22.7, 13.9.16, 14.3.1, and 15.1.14, Hot Chocolate's recursive descent parser `Utf8GraphQLParser` has no recursion depth limit. A crafted GraphQL document with deeply nested selection sets, object values, list values, or list types can trigger a `StackOverflowException` on payloads as small as 40 KB. Because `StackOverflowException` is uncatchable in .NET (since .NET 2.0), the entire worker process is terminated immediately. All in-flight HTTP requests, background `IHostedService` tasks, and open WebSocket subscriptions on that worker are dropped. The orchestrator (Kubernetes, IIS, etc.) must restart the process. This occurs before any validation rules run — `MaxExecutionDepth`, complexity analyzers, persisted query allow-lists, and custom `IDocumentValidatorRule` implementations cannot intercept the crash because `Utf8GraphQLParser.Parse` is invoked before validation. The `MaxAllowedFields=2048` limit does not help because the crashing payloads contain very few fields. The fix in versions 12.22.7, 13.9.16, 14.3.1, and 15.1.14 adds a `MaxAllowedRecursionDepth` option to `ParserOptions` with a safe default, and enforces it across all recursive parser methods (`ParseSelectionSet`, `ParseValueLiteral`, `ParseObject`, `ParseList`, `ParseTypeReference`, etc.). When the limit is exceeded, a catchable `SyntaxException` is thrown instead of overflowing the stack. There is no application-level workaround. `StackOverflowException` cannot be caught in .NET. The only mitigation is to upgrade to a patched version. Operators can reduce (but not eliminate) risk by limiting HTTP request body size at the reverse proxy or load balancer layer, though the smallest crashing payload (40 KB) is well below most default body size limits and is highly compressible (~few hundred bytes via gzip).

Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expression injection, it fails to properly restrict the scope of accessible objects, allowing specific potentially sensitive objects to be reached from within a template. If an application developer passes unvalidated user input directly to the template engine, an unauthenticated remote attacker can bypass the library's protections to achieve Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI). This issue has ben fixed in version 3.1.4.RELEASE.

Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expression injection, it fails to properly neutralize specific syntax patterns that allow for the execution of unauthorized expressions. If an application developer passes unvalidated user input directly to the template engine, an unauthenticated remote attacker can bypass the library's protections to achieve Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI). This issue has ben fixed in version 3.1.4.RELEASE.

FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. In versions prior to 4.14.9.5, the password-based login endpoint uses TypeScript type assertion without runtime validation, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to pass a MongoDB query operator object (e.g., {"$ne": ""}) as the password field. This NoSQL injection bypasses the password check, enabling login as any user including the root administrator. This issue has been fixed in version 4.14.9.5.

Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

The Accordion and Accordion Slider plugin for WordPress version 1.4.6 contains a malicious backdoor injected by threat actors.

The Gramps Web API is a Python REST API for the genealogical research software Gramps. Versions 1.6.0 through 3.11.0 have a path traversal vulnerability (Zip Slip) in the media archive import feature. An authenticated user with owner-level privileges can craft a malicious ZIP file with directory-traversal filenames to write arbitrary files outside the intended temporary extraction directory on the server's local filesystem. Startig in version 3.11.1, ZIP entry names are now validated against the resolved real path of the temporary directory before extraction. Any entry whose resolved path falls outside the temporary directory raises an error and aborts the import.

OpenViking prior to commit c7bb167 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the VikingBot OpenAPI HTTP route surface where the authentication check fails open when the api_key configuration value is unset or empty. Remote attackers with network access to the exposed service can invoke privileged bot-control functionality without providing a valid X-API-Key header, including submitting attacker-controlled prompts, creating or using bot sessions, and accessing downstream tools, integrations, secrets, or data accessible to the bot.

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit c930284445ea3ff94451ccd7a57c999eca3bc979, the PSD codec computes bytes-per-pixel (`bpp`) from raw header fields `channels * depth`, but the pixel buffer is allocated based on the resolved pixel format. For LAB mode with `channels=3, depth=16`, `bpp = (3*16+7)/8 = 6`, but the format `BPP40_CIE_LAB` allocates only 5 bytes per pixel. Every pixel write overshoots, causing a deterministic heap buffer overflow on every row. Commit c930284445ea3ff94451ccd7a57c999eca3bc979 contains a patch.

NovumOS is a custom 32-bit operating system written in Zig and x86 Assembly. In versions prior to 0.24, Syscall 12 (JumpToUser) accepts an arbitrary entry point address from user-space registers without validation, allowing any Ring 3 user-mode process to jump to kernel addresses and execute arbitrary code in Ring 0 context, resulting in local privilege escalation. This issue has been fixed in version 0.24. If developers are unable to immediately update, they should restrict syscall access by running the system in single-user mode without Ring 3, and disable user-mode processes by only running kernel shell with no user processes. This issue has been fixed in version 0.24.

NovumOS is a custom 32-bit operating system written in Zig and x86 Assembly. In versions prior to 0.24, Syscall 15 (MemoryMapRange) allows Ring 3 user-mode processes to map arbitrary virtual address ranges into their address space without validating against forbidden regions, including critical kernel structures such as the IDT, GDT, TSS, and page tables. A local attacker can exploit this to modify kernel interrupt handlers, resulting in privilege escalation from user mode to kernel context. This issue has been fixed in version 0.24.

Anviz CX2 Lite and CX7 are vulnerable to unauthenticated firmware uploads. This causes crafted archives to be accepted, enabling attackers to plant and execute code and obtain a reverse shell.

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on `pixmap_depth` but the byte-swap code uses `bits_per_pixel` independently. When `pixmap_depth=8` (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but `bits_per_pixel=32`, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as `uint32_t*`, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed `bytes_per_line` validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch.

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.

An attacker with network access to the PLC is able to brute force discover passwords to gain unauthorized access to systems and services. The limited password complexity and no password input limiters makes brute force password enumeration possible.