Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability has been discovered in multiple Siklu Communications Etherhaul wireless radio products. This flaw, with a CVSS score of 9.8, allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to potentially take complete control of affected devices, leading to network disruption, data interception, and unauthorized access to the broader network infrastructure.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57174

Affected Software: Siklu Communications Etherhaul 8010TX, 1200FX, and potentially other products.

Affected Versions: Firmware 7.4.0 through 10.7.3 and possibly other previous versions.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability exists within the rfpiped service, which listens on TCP port 555. Based on the critical CVSS score of 9.8, it is highly probable that this service contains a remotely exploitable flaw, such as a buffer overflow or command injection, that can be triggered by a specially crafted network packet. An unauthenticated attacker on the network can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, effectively gaining full administrative control over the affected device without requiring any user interaction.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation could have a severe business impact, as these devices are core network infrastructure components. An attacker could intercept, manipulate, or block all traffic passing through the compromised device, causing a significant denial of service and disrupting business operations. Furthermore, the compromised device could be used as a pivot point to launch further attacks against the internal network, potentially leading to a widespread data breach, financial loss, and reputational damage.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update affected Siklu Communications Etherhaul devices to the latest patched firmware version provided by the vendor. After patching, monitor for any signs of exploitation attempts and review historical access logs for suspicious connections or activity related to TCP port 555.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement network monitoring to detect and alert on any unauthorized connection attempts to TCP port 555 on Siklu devices. Monitor device logs for unexpected reboots, configuration changes, or anomalous process behavior. Outbound traffic from the devices to unknown destinations should be considered highly suspicious.

Compensating Controls: If patching cannot be performed immediately, implement strict network access control lists (ACLs) or firewall rules to restrict access to TCP port 555. Access should only be permitted from trusted and explicitly authorized management IP addresses. This will limit the attack surface and reduce the risk of exploitation from untrusted networks.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of the publication date of Sep 15, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. The vulnerability is not listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. However, due to its critical severity and the low complexity of a potential attack, it is highly likely to be targeted by threat actors in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical CVSS score of 9.8, this vulnerability represents a significant and immediate risk to the organization. We strongly recommend that all affected Siklu Etherhaul devices are patched on an emergency basis. If immediate patching is not feasible, the compensating controls of restricting network access to the vulnerable service must be implemented without delay. Organizations should prioritize this remediation to prevent potential network compromise and operational disruption.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-57151, has been discovered in the phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2 and potentially other products from the vendor. This flaw could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to compromise the affected system, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data theft, or complete system takeover. Organizations are urged to apply the vendor-supplied security update immediately to mitigate the significant risk of exploitation.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57151

Affected Software: Management Multiple Products, including phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is an unauthenticated SQL Injection flaw. An attacker can exploit this weakness by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the application's user-facing interface, likely through a parameter in a login or search function. Successful exploitation does not require prior authentication and allows the attacker to bypass security controls, execute arbitrary SQL commands to read, modify, or delete sensitive data from the database, and in some configurations, may lead to remote code execution on the underlying server.

Business Impact

This vulnerability presents a significant risk to the organization, classified as High severity with a CVSS score of 8.8. Successful exploitation could lead to a severe data breach, exposing sensitive customer and complaint data, including Personally Identifiable Information (PII). The business impact includes potential regulatory fines for non-compliance with data protection laws, significant reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and the financial costs associated with incident response and recovery. A full system compromise could also serve as a foothold for attackers to move laterally within the corporate network, escalating the incident's scope and impact.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary remediation is to apply the security updates provided by the vendor across all affected systems without delay. System administrators should follow established patch management procedures to test and deploy the update. Concurrently, security teams should begin actively monitoring web server and database access logs for any signs of attempted exploitation targeting this vulnerability.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should implement enhanced monitoring focused on the affected application. This includes inspecting web server access logs for unusual or malformed URL parameters and POST requests containing SQL keywords (e.g., UNION, SELECT, ' OR '1'='1'). Database logs should be reviewed for suspicious queries originating from the web application's service account. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) should be configured to alert on common SQL injection attack signatures and anomalous outbound traffic from the application server.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following compensating controls to reduce risk:

• Deploy or update a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts.
• Restrict network access to the application's management interface to only trusted IP addresses.
• Ensure the database account used by the application operates with the principle of least privilege and cannot perform system-level commands or access non-essential database tables.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 3, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the high severity (CVSS 8.8) and the relative simplicity of exploiting SQL injection flaws, threat actors are likely to develop and deploy exploits rapidly.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high severity score of 8.8, this vulnerability poses a critical threat to the organization. Although it is not currently listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, this status could change quickly. We strongly recommend that organizations prioritize the immediate deployment of the vendor-provided patch as the most effective mitigation. If patching is delayed, the compensating controls listed above should be implemented immediately to provide a temporary layer of defense against potential attacks.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability has been identified in the phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal, which allows an authenticated attacker to upload malicious files to the server. Successful exploitation could lead to a complete compromise of the web server, enabling the attacker to steal sensitive data, deface the website, or use the server for further malicious activities. Due to the high severity of this flaw, immediate remediation is strongly recommended.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57148

Affected Software: phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal Multiple Products

Affected Versions: Version 2.0 is confirmed to be vulnerable. It is recommended to consult the vendor advisory for a complete list of affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability is an Arbitrary File Upload located in the /admin/insert-product.php script. The application fails to properly validate the file extension of images uploaded when a new product is added. An authenticated attacker with access to the admin panel can bypass the intended file type restrictions and upload a file with an executable extension (e.g., .php). Once the malicious file is uploaded, the attacker can access it via its URL, causing the web server to execute the code within the file, which typically results in a web shell and remote code execution on the server.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical with a CVSS score of 9.1. Exploitation could have a severe impact on the business, leading to a complete compromise of the web server. Potential consequences include the theft of sensitive customer data, payment card information, and intellectual property; website defacement causing significant reputational damage; and the use of the compromised server to attack other systems or host malicious content. The resulting financial losses from operational downtime, incident response, and potential regulatory fines could be substantial.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary remediation is to update the phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal to the latest version provided by the vendor, which addresses this vulnerability. After patching, review web server access logs and file system upload directories for any signs of exploitation that may have occurred prior to the update.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Log Analysis: Scrutinize web server logs for POST requests to /admin/insert-product.php. Look for any uploaded filenames with suspicious extensions (e.g., .php, .phtml, .php5) or attempts to traverse directories.
• File Integrity Monitoring: Implement monitoring on the web application's upload directories to detect the creation of any non-image or unexpected executable files.
• Network Traffic: Monitor for any unusual outbound connections originating from the web server, which could indicate a reverse shell established by an attacker.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following controls to reduce risk:

• Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to inspect and block malicious file uploads based on file extension and content.
• Restrict access to the /admin/ portal to trusted IP addresses only.
• Configure the web server to prevent script execution in the directory used for product image uploads.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of September 3, 2025, there are no known public exploits specifically for this CVE. However, arbitrary file upload vulnerabilities are trivial to exploit, and threat actors can easily develop their own exploit code. The requirement for admin-level authentication reduces the attack surface, but this vulnerability poses a high risk if an attacker gains credentials through other means like phishing or brute-force attacks.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity (CVSS 9.1) and the potential for complete system compromise, it is imperative that organizations apply the vendor-provided security update to all affected phpgurukul Online Shopping Portal instances immediately. Although this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA KEV catalog, its high impact makes it a prime target for exploitation. If patching cannot be performed immediately, the compensating controls listed above should be implemented as a matter of urgency to mitigate the immediate risk.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in the phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate the application's database, potentially leading to unauthorized access, theft, or modification of sensitive complaint data and user information.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57147

Affected Software: Management Multiple Products

Affected Versions: The vulnerability is confirmed in phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2. See vendor advisory for specific affected versions.

Vulnerability: The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. An unauthenticated attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into input fields (such as login forms or URL parameters). This allows the attacker to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary commands on the backend database.

Business Impact

This is a High severity vulnerability with a CVSS score of 7.5. Successful exploitation could lead to a significant data breach, including the exposure of sensitive customer complaints, personal identifiable information (PII), and user credentials. The potential consequences include unauthorized data access, data modification, or complete deletion of database records, leading to severe reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and loss of customer trust.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply vendor patches immediately to address the root cause of the vulnerability. Review existing database user accounts and access controls to ensure the application is operating with the principle of least privilege. Enable and configure detailed database query logging to capture all executed commands for future auditing and incident response.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor web application firewall (WAF), web server, and database logs for suspicious patterns, such as queries containing SQL keywords like UNION, SELECT, --, or ' OR '1'='1'. Network monitoring should be in place to detect any unusual or large data transfers from the database server.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with a strict ruleset designed to block SQL injection attacks. Implement stringent input validation on the web server as an interim measure. Restrict network access to the database server to only the application server.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 3, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, SQL Injection is a well-understood vulnerability class, and proof-of-concept code could be developed by threat actors with minimal effort.

Analyst Recommendation
Immediate patching of CVE-2025-57147 is strongly recommended due to its High severity rating and the potential for a complete compromise of sensitive data. Although this vulnerability is not currently on the CISA KEV list, the ease of exploitation and high impact necessitate urgent action. Organizations must prioritize the deployment of vendor patches and implement the recommended monitoring and compensating controls to mitigate the significant risk of a data breach.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability has been identified in multiple phpgurukul products, most notably the Complaint Management System in PHP 2. This flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-57146 with a CVSS score of 8.1, could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to access or manipulate sensitive data within the application's database. Successful exploitation could lead to a significant data breach, compromise of user credentials, and loss of system integrity.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57146

Affected Software: phpgurukul Multiple Products

Affected Versions: phpgurukul Complaint Management System in PHP version 2.0 and potentially prior versions. See vendor advisory for a complete list of other affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability is an unauthenticated SQL Injection flaw. Publicly accessible components of the application, such as user input fields on login pages or search forms, do not properly sanitize user-supplied input before using it in SQL database queries. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by submitting a specially crafted input string that manipulates the backend SQL query, allowing them to bypass authentication mechanisms, read sensitive data from the database (e.g., administrator credentials, user PII, complaint details), modify or delete data, and in some database configurations, potentially achieve remote code execution on the server.

Business Impact

This vulnerability presents a High severity risk to the organization, reflected by its CVSS score of 8.1. Exploitation could lead to a severe data breach, exposing sensitive customer information and internal complaint data. The business consequences include significant reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and potential legal and regulatory penalties for non-compliance with data protection standards. Unauthorized modification of data could disrupt business operations, while a full system compromise would result in extended downtime and costly incident response efforts.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary and most effective remediation is to apply the security patches provided by phpgurukul to all affected systems immediately. Before deployment to production, test the patches in a staging environment to ensure they do not disrupt functionality. After patching, it is critical to monitor application and web server logs for any signs of post-remediation exploitation attempts and to review historical access logs for evidence of prior compromise.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement enhanced monitoring on affected systems. Specifically, security teams should actively monitor web server access logs and database logs for suspicious patterns indicative of SQL injection attacks, such as queries containing UNION SELECT, SLEEP(), boolean-based logic (' OR '1'='1'), or other SQL-specific keywords within user input parameters. Correlate these logs with network traffic to identify source IP addresses exhibiting attack behavior.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with a strict ruleset designed to detect and block common SQL injection attack patterns. Restrict access to the application's management interfaces to trusted IP addresses only. Ensure the application's database user account has the minimum necessary privileges, preventing it from executing system commands or accessing non-essential database tables.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 4, 2025, there is no known public proof-of-concept exploit code, and this vulnerability is not reported to be actively exploited in the wild. However, SQL Injection vulnerabilities in PHP applications are often straightforward to exploit. It is highly probable that a functional exploit will be developed and published by security researchers or threat actors in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high CVSS score of 8.1 and the critical business impact of a potential data breach, this vulnerability requires immediate attention. We strongly recommend that the organization prioritizes the deployment of the vendor-supplied security updates across all affected assets within the next 72 hours. Although this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA KEV catalog, its severity and the ease of potential exploitation warrant treating it with the highest urgency to prevent compromise of sensitive data and protect the organization's operational integrity.

Executive Summary:
A critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-57141, has been discovered in multiple products utilizing the sqlite-jdbc library. Successful exploitation of this flaw could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to take complete control of an affected system, leading to data theft, system compromise, or further network intrusion. Due to its critical severity rating of 9.8, immediate identification and remediation of vulnerable assets are strongly recommended.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57141

Affected Software: Unknown Multiple Products

Affected Versions: The specific version rsbi-os 4.7 is confirmed to be vulnerable. As the flaw exists within the sqlite-jdbc library, other products using a vulnerable version of this component are also affected. See vendor advisories for a complete list of affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability allows for Remote Code Execution (RCE) within applications that use a flawed version of the sqlite-jdbc driver. An attacker can exploit this by sending specially crafted data or connection parameters to an application. When the application processes this malicious input via the vulnerable sqlite-jdbc library, it can trigger the execution of arbitrary code on the server with the same permissions as the running application.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation grants an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying server, which can have devastating consequences. Potential impacts include the theft of sensitive corporate data, customer information, or intellectual property; deployment of ransomware; complete system takeover; and using the compromised system as a pivot point to attack other internal network resources. A breach resulting from this vulnerability could lead to significant financial loss, regulatory fines, reputational damage, and disruption of business operations.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary remediation is to apply security updates provided by the respective vendors for all affected products. Organizations must identify all systems running vulnerable software and upgrade them to the latest patched release immediately. In parallel, security teams should begin monitoring for signs of exploitation and review system and application access logs for any anomalous activity.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement enhanced monitoring for systems that cannot be patched immediately. Security teams should look for:

• Logs: Unusual database connection strings or SQL queries in application logs; unexpected processes being spawned by the application's service account.
• Network Traffic: Anomalous outbound network connections from application servers to unknown or suspicious destinations.
• System Behavior: Creation of unexpected files or directories, unauthorized changes to user accounts, or unexplained high CPU/memory utilization by the application process.

Compensating Controls: If patching is not immediately possible, implement the following controls to reduce risk:

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) with rules designed to detect and block exploit attempts targeting this vulnerability.
• Restrict network access to the application, allowing connections only from trusted IP ranges.
• Ensure the application is running with the principle of least privilege to limit the impact of a potential compromise.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of the publication date, September 8, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, given the critical CVSS score and the RCE impact, it is highly likely that threat actors will develop and deploy exploits in the near future. This vulnerability is not currently listed on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.

Analyst Recommendation

Due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) of this remote code execution vulnerability, immediate action is required. Organizations must prioritize identifying all products within their environment that utilize the vulnerable sqlite-jdbc component, starting with systems running rsbi-os 4.7. Once identified, these systems should be patched immediately according to vendor guidance. If patching is delayed, implement the recommended compensating controls, such as network segmentation and enhanced monitoring, to reduce the risk of compromise. Although not yet known to be exploited, its high severity makes it an attractive target for attackers, and organizations should operate under the assumption that it will be exploited.

Executive Summary:
A critical SQL Injection vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-57140, exists within the rsbi-pom component, affecting multiple products. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the backend database, potentially leading to a complete compromise of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57140

Affected Software: Unknown Multiple Products

Affected Versions: Products utilizing the rsbi-pom component version 4.7. See vendor advisory for specific affected products and versions.

Vulnerability:
This vulnerability is a classic SQL Injection flaw located in the /bi/service/model/DatasetService endpoint of products using the rsbi-pom 4.7 component. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted request to this endpoint containing malicious SQL syntax. The application fails to properly sanitize this user-supplied input before incorporating it into a database query, allowing the attacker's malicious code to be executed by the database server. A successful exploit could allow an unauthenticated attacker to bypass security controls, read, modify, or delete sensitive data, and potentially gain administrative control over the database or the underlying server.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical with a CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a high likelihood of exploitation with severe consequences. Successful exploitation can lead to a significant data breach, exposing sensitive corporate data, customer personally identifiable information (PII), or financial records. The attacker could manipulate or destroy critical data, causing severe operational disruptions and financial loss. A complete system compromise resulting from this vulnerability would pose a significant reputational, legal, and regulatory risk to the organization.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:
Organizations must first identify all assets that utilize the vulnerable rsbi-pom 4.7 component. Once identified, immediately apply the security updates provided by the respective product vendors to upgrade to the latest, non-vulnerable version. Concurrently, monitor for any signs of active exploitation by reviewing web server and application access logs for suspicious requests targeting the vulnerable path.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Analyze web server, firewall, and application logs for requests to the /bi/service/model/DatasetService path containing SQL keywords (e.g., UNION, SELECT, DROP, '--') or common injection patterns.
• Implement alerting for multiple failed login attempts or unusual queries originating from the application's database user account.
• Monitor for anomalous outbound network traffic from the database server, which could indicate data exfiltration.

Compensating Controls:
If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following controls to reduce risk:

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with a strict ruleset designed to detect and block SQL injection attacks against the vulnerable endpoint.
• Restrict network access to the /bi/service/model/DatasetService path, allowing connections only from trusted IP addresses.
• Ensure the application's database user account adheres to the principle of least privilege, limiting its permissions to only what is absolutely necessary for application functionality.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes:
As of September 2, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) and the common nature of SQL Injection, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop and deploy exploits for this vulnerability in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation
This is a critical vulnerability that requires immediate attention. Organizations must prioritize the identification of all systems using the vulnerable rsbi-pom 4.7 component and apply the necessary updates provided by product vendors without delay. Although this vulnerability is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, its severity makes it a prime candidate for future inclusion and widespread exploitation. Until patches are applied, implementing compensating controls such as WAF rules and enhanced monitoring is strongly advised to mitigate the immediate risk of compromise.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-57119, has been discovered in the Online Library Management System. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass security measures and gain full administrative privileges, potentially leading to a complete compromise of the system, data theft, and operational disruption.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57119

Affected Software: Online Library Management System

Affected Versions: Version 3.0 is explicitly mentioned. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability exists within the Login function of the adminlogin.php component. An attacker can exploit a flaw in the authentication mechanism to escalate their privileges to that of an administrator. Due to the high CVSS score, it is likely that this can be achieved without prior authentication, possibly through techniques such as SQL injection, authentication bypass, or a critical logic flaw that grants administrative access upon submitting a specially crafted request to the login page.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation would grant an attacker complete administrative control over the Online Library Management System. The potential consequences include unauthorized access to and exfiltration of sensitive user data (including Personally Identifiable Information), modification or deletion of library records, disruption of service, and reputational damage. The compromised system could also be used as a foothold to launch further attacks against the organization's internal network.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Update An issue in Online Library Management System Multiple Products to the latest version. Monitor for exploitation attempts and review access logs. Organizations should immediately identify all instances of the vulnerable software and apply the security patches provided by the vendor as a top priority.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should actively monitor web server and application logs for suspicious activity related to the adminlogin.php page. This includes multiple failed or unusual login attempts from a single IP address, successful administrative logins from unexpected geographic locations, and any direct attempts to exploit the login function. Monitor for any unauthorized creation of new administrative accounts or changes to system configurations.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, consider implementing compensating controls. Restrict access to the administrative login page (adminlogin.php) to trusted IP addresses at the network firewall or web server level. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to detect and block common web attack vectors like SQL injection against the login component.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of Sep 16, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, given the critical CVSS score of 9.8 and the simplicity of exploiting similar authentication bypass flaws, it is highly probable that an exploit will be developed and used by threat actors in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation

Due to the critical severity of this vulnerability, immediate action is required. We strongly recommend that all affected instances of the Online Library Management System be patched immediately. Although this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA KEV list, its high impact and likely ease of exploitation make it a prime target for attackers. If patching cannot be performed immediately, implement the recommended compensating controls and heightened monitoring to reduce the risk of compromise.

Executive Summary:
A critical use-after-free vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-57108, exists in the Kitware Visualization Toolkit (VTK). This flaw can be triggered when an application using the vulnerable library processes a specially crafted GLTF file, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code and gain full control of the affected system. Given its critical CVSS score of 9.8, this vulnerability poses a significant risk of system compromise.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57108

Affected Software: Kitware VTK Multiple Products

Affected Versions: All versions through 9.5.0

Vulnerability:
The vulnerability is a heap-based use-after-free condition within the vtkGLTFDocumentLoader component of the Kitware VTK library. It occurs during the copying of mesh objects from a GLTF file. An attacker can exploit this by creating a malicious GLTF file that, when opened by a user in an application leveraging the VTK library, triggers the use of a memory pointer after it has been freed. This memory corruption can be leveraged to crash the application, leading to a denial of service, or to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the user running the application.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation could allow a remote attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution, leading to a complete compromise of the affected workstation or server. The potential business impact includes theft of sensitive data, installation of malware such as ransomware, disruption of critical operations that rely on visualization software (e.g., medical imaging, scientific research, engineering design), and loss of system integrity and availability. The ease of exploitation via a malicious file makes this a significant threat to organizations where users may interact with untrusted data sources.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:

• Patch: Immediately update all instances of Kitware VTK and any software products that bundle it to a version that remediates this vulnerability, as recommended by the vendor.
• Monitor: Actively monitor for signs of exploitation. Review application and system logs for unexpected crashes or behavior related to applications that process GLTF files.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Implement enhanced monitoring on endpoints running affected software. Look for suspicious processes being spawned by applications that use the VTK library.
• Monitor network traffic for unusual outbound connections from systems after a user opens a GLTF file.
• Configure Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions to detect memory corruption exploitation techniques.

Compensating Controls:

• If patching is not immediately feasible, implement a policy to block or quarantine GLTF files from untrusted or external sources.
• Run vulnerable applications in a sandboxed or virtualized environment to contain the impact of a potential exploit.
• Ensure user accounts have the minimum necessary privileges to limit an attacker's capabilities post-exploitation.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes:
As of October 31, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. The vulnerability is not listed on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. However, use-after-free vulnerabilities are a well-understood class of bug, and the high CVSS score indicates that it is highly likely to be targeted by threat actors for exploit development.

Analyst Recommendation

Due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) of this vulnerability and its potential for remote code execution, it is imperative that organizations take immediate action. We strongly recommend prioritizing the deployment of vendor-supplied patches across all systems using the affected Kitware VTK library. Although this CVE is not currently in the CISA KEV catalog, its high impact and potential for exploitation warrant urgent attention to prevent a future system compromise. If patching is delayed, implement the compensating controls and proactive monitoring detailed above to reduce the risk.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability has been identified in the cJSON library, a widely used software component for processing JSON data. This flaw allows a remote attacker to send specially crafted data that can bypass security checks, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information, system crashes, or complete system compromise. Due to its high severity and the library's widespread use, immediate action is required to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-57052

Affected Software: cJSON Multiple Products

Affected Versions: cJSON versions 1.5.0 through 1.7.18

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds access flaw within the decode_array_index_from_pointer function of the cJSON library. A remote attacker can exploit this by sending a malicious JSON payload to an application using the vulnerable library. When the application attempts to parse this payload, the flawed function fails to properly validate array boundaries, allowing the attacker to read from or write to memory locations outside of the intended buffer. This can lead to a denial of service (application crash), sensitive information disclosure, or potentially arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected application.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8, posing a significant risk to the organization. Successful exploitation could lead to a severe data breach, exposing confidential customer data, intellectual property, or internal credentials. Furthermore, an attacker could cause a denial-of-service condition by crashing critical applications, leading to operational downtime and financial loss. The worst-case scenario involves remote code execution, which would grant an attacker full control over the affected system, enabling them to pivot further into the network, deploy ransomware, or establish a persistent foothold.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary remediation is to update the cJSON library used in all affected products to the latest patched version as recommended by the vendor. System administrators should prioritize patching internet-facing systems and critical internal applications. Concurrently, security teams should begin monitoring for any signs of exploitation attempts by reviewing application and system access logs for anomalies related to JSON parsing.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement enhanced monitoring on systems utilizing the cJSON library. Security teams should look for malformed or unusually large JSON payloads in network traffic and application logs, which could indicate an exploitation attempt. Monitor applications for unexpected crashes or restarts, and use Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools to alert on anomalous memory access patterns or suspicious process behavior originating from the affected applications.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, consider implementing compensating controls. Utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to inspect and block malicious JSON payloads. Run the affected applications with the lowest possible privileges and within a containerized or sandboxed environment to limit the impact of a potential compromise. Enhance network segmentation to prevent lateral movement from a compromised host.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 3, 2025, there are no known public exploits for this vulnerability, and it is not listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. However, given the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) and the widespread deployment of the cJSON library in various software and embedded devices, it is highly likely that threat actors will develop and release exploit code in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity of this vulnerability, immediate action is required. We strongly recommend that all affected products incorporating the vulnerable cJSON library be updated to the latest version without delay. Although this CVE is not currently on the CISA KEV list, its high impact score signifies a significant risk of compromise. Organizations must treat this as an urgent priority to prevent potential data breaches, service disruptions, and full system takeovers.

Executive Summary:
A critical privilege escalation vulnerability in the Lead Form Data Collection to CRM plugin for WordPress allows an authenticated attacker to gain elevated permissions, potentially leading to a full site compromise.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-5692

Affected Software: WordPress Lead Form Data Collection to CRM plugin

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for affected versions

Vulnerability: The plugin is vulnerable due to a missing capability check on the doFieldAjaxAction() function. This allows any authenticated attacker, including those with low-level permissions, to send a crafted request to modify data and escalate their privileges on the affected WordPress site.

Business Impact

A successful exploit of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain administrative control over the website. This can lead to the theft of sensitive lead data, website defacement, installation of malware, or using the compromised site to attack other systems. With a CVSS score of 8.8 (High), this vulnerability poses a significant and direct threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected WordPress installation.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Administrators must immediately update the Lead Form Data Collection to CRM plugin to the latest patched version. If the plugin is no longer required, it should be deactivated and removed.

Proactive Monitoring: Review web server and WordPress security logs for suspicious POST requests to admin-ajax.php that reference the doFieldAjaxAction action, which could indicate attempted exploitation.

Compensating Controls: A properly configured Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block malicious requests targeting this specific plugin vulnerability may serve as a virtual patch if immediate updates are not feasible.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of July 6, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation of this vulnerability. However, due to the nature of privilege escalation flaws in widely-used plugins, the potential for future exploitation is high.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the High severity rating and the risk of complete site compromise, immediate patching is critical. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user to become an administrator, bypassing all existing security controls. All WordPress administrators using this plugin should prioritize applying the vendor-supplied update to prevent unauthorized access and privilege escalation.

Executive Summary:
A critical remote code execution vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-56819, has been discovered in Datart products. This flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to take complete control of an affected system by sending a specially crafted connection request. Successful exploitation could lead to total system compromise, data theft, and further intrusion into the network.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56819

Affected Software: Datart Multiple Products

Affected Versions: Version 1.0.0-rc.3 is confirmed to be vulnerable. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected versions.

Vulnerability: This is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability stemming from improper input validation of the INIT connection parameter. A remote attacker can craft a malicious connection string containing arbitrary commands and send it to the affected Datart application. The application fails to sanitize this input and executes the embedded code with the privileges of the application's service account, granting the attacker full control over the underlying server.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8, reflecting its extreme risk and ease of exploitation. A successful attack would grant an adversary complete control over the compromised server, leading to severe business consequences. Potential impacts include the exfiltration of sensitive corporate or customer data, deployment of ransomware, disruption of business operations, and using the compromised system as a pivot point for further attacks within the corporate network. The reputational damage and financial costs associated with such a breach would be significant.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update all affected instances of Datart Multiple Products to the latest version provided by the vendor to patch this vulnerability. After patching, review application and network access logs for any signs of past exploitation attempts, focusing on requests containing unusual INIT parameters.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Log Analysis: Scrutinize web server and application logs for any incoming requests that include suspicious or abnormally long strings in the INIT connection parameter.
• Network Monitoring: Implement network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to monitor for signatures related to this exploit. Watch for unusual outbound connections from servers running Datart, which could indicate a successful compromise and data exfiltration.
• Endpoint Detection: Monitor for unexpected processes, new file creation, or unauthorized configuration changes on the servers hosting the affected software.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following controls to reduce risk:

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with a specific rule to inspect and block malicious payloads within the INIT parameter.
• Strictly limit network access to the Datart application, ensuring it is only accessible from trusted IP addresses.
• Run the Datart service with the principle of least privilege to limit the potential damage an attacker can cause if the vulnerability is successfully exploited.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of September 24, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) and the simplicity of the described attack vector, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop a functional exploit in the near future. Organizations must treat this as an imminent threat.

Analyst Recommendation
This vulnerability represents a critical risk to the organization and must be addressed with the highest priority. Due to the critical 9.8 CVSS score, which signifies a severe and easily exploitable remote code execution flaw, immediate patching is paramount. Although CVE-2025-56819 is not currently on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, its characteristics make it a likely candidate for future inclusion. All teams responsible for Datart products must apply the vendor-supplied updates without delay to prevent potential system compromise.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability has been identified in multiple Microsoft Windows products, which can be exploited through the Figma Desktop application. An attacker could trick a user into opening a malicious file, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially take full control of the affected workstation, leading to data theft, malware installation, or further network intrusion.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56803

Affected Software: Windows Multiple Products

Affected Versions: The vulnerability is triggered by Figma Desktop for Windows version 125. See vendor advisory for specific affected Windows versions.

Vulnerability: This is a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability within a core Windows component responsible for rendering graphical elements. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious Figma (.fig) file and convincing a user to open it. When the file is processed by the Figma application on a vulnerable Windows system, it triggers a buffer overflow in the underlying OS library, allowing the attacker to execute code with the same privileges as the logged-in user.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 8.4. Successful exploitation could have a significant negative impact on the business. An attacker could gain initial access to the corporate network, exfiltrate sensitive intellectual property (such as proprietary designs stored in Figma files), deploy ransomware, or use the compromised machine as a pivot point to move laterally across the network. The risk is particularly acute for organizations with design, marketing, or engineering teams that rely heavily on the Figma platform.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the security updates released by Microsoft to all affected Windows systems immediately. Prioritize patching workstations where Figma Desktop is installed. After patching, monitor systems for any signs of attempted exploitation and review relevant logs for indicators of compromise that may have occurred prior to remediation.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor for suspicious child processes spawning from Figma.exe (e.g., cmd.exe, powershell.exe). Network monitoring should be configured to detect and alert on unusual outbound connections from workstations running Figma. Review endpoint security logs for unexpected file modifications or the execution of unsigned binaries in user profile directories.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement temporary controls to reduce risk. Use application control policies to prevent Figma from executing unknown or untrusted child processes. Enforce a strict policy against opening Figma files from untrusted sources, such as external emails or websites. Ensure Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions are deployed and configured to detect and block memory exploitation techniques.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 3, 2025, there is no known publicly available exploit code, and the vulnerability is not reported to be actively exploited in the wild. However, due to the high severity and the straightforward user-interaction-based attack vector (opening a file), it is highly probable that threat actors will develop and deploy exploits in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high CVSS score of 8.4 and the potential for complete system compromise, this vulnerability poses a critical risk. Although it is not currently listed on the CISA KEV list, its Remote Code Execution nature makes it a prime candidate for future inclusion. We strongly recommend that organizations prioritize the immediate deployment of the relevant Microsoft security updates to all vulnerable Windows endpoints. Focus initial efforts on systems belonging to users in design and product development roles who are most likely to use the Figma application.

Executive Summary:
A critical authentication bypass vulnerability has been identified in certain Ruijie network switches. This flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to gain complete administrative control over affected devices, posing a severe risk of network disruption, configuration changes, and data interception.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56752

Affected Software: Ruijie Multiple Products

Affected Versions: The vulnerability is confirmed in RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39. See vendor advisory for a complete list of all affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: This is a remote authentication bypass vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit a flaw in the device's authentication mechanism, likely via a specially crafted network request to the management interface, to gain full administrative privileges without providing valid credentials. Successful exploitation grants the attacker the same level of access as a legitimate administrator, allowing them to view and modify the device's entire configuration, monitor network traffic, and disable security features.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.4. Exploitation could have a significant business impact, leading to a complete compromise of the network segment managed by the affected switch. An attacker with administrative control could re-route, intercept, or drop network traffic, causing widespread service outages (Denial of Service). Furthermore, the attacker could capture sensitive data, alter network configurations to enable further attacks (lateral movement), or install persistent backdoors, severely impacting data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The primary remediation is to apply the vendor-supplied security patches immediately. Organizations should update the firmware on all affected Ruijie products to the latest version as recommended by the vendor. After patching, administrators should review access logs for any signs of unauthorized access or configuration changes that may have occurred prior to the update.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement enhanced monitoring of all affected network devices. Security teams should configure alerts and review logs for any unusual administrative login attempts, particularly from untrusted or internal IP addresses that do not belong to network administrators. Monitor for unexpected configuration changes, the creation of new user accounts, or abnormal traffic patterns originating from the switch's management interface.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement compensating controls to reduce the risk of exploitation. Restrict network access to the switch's management interface using strict Access Control Lists (ACLs) or firewall rules, ensuring it is only accessible from a dedicated and secured management VLAN or specific trusted IP addresses. Disable management access from the public internet or any untrusted network segments.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of Sep 3, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or reports of this vulnerability being actively exploited in the wild. However, due to the critical nature of authentication bypass vulnerabilities in network infrastructure devices, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop exploits by reverse-engineering the patch.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical CVSS score of 9.4 and the potential for complete network compromise, this vulnerability requires immediate attention. We strongly recommend that organizations prioritize the deployment of the vendor-provided firmware updates to all affected Ruijie devices. While this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities) catalog, its severity makes it a prime candidate for future inclusion. If patching cannot be performed immediately, the compensating controls outlined above must be implemented as a matter of urgency to limit the attack surface.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability exists in Creativeitem Academy LMS products that allows an attacker to completely bypass authentication. The software uses a predictable, hardcoded secret key to secure user sessions, enabling malicious actors to forge valid access tokens for any user, including administrators. Successful exploitation could lead to a full system compromise, resulting in data theft, system disruption, and significant reputational damage.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56749

Affected Software: Creativeitem Academy LMS up to and including Multiple Products

Affected Versions: All versions up to and including 6.14

Vulnerability: The application utilizes a static, hardcoded secret key for signing JSON Web Tokens (JWTs). Because this secret is the same across all installations, an attacker can obtain it by analyzing the application's source code. With this secret, an attacker can craft a malicious JWT, embedding arbitrary user details and administrative privileges within the token's payload. When this forged token is presented to the application, it is accepted as valid, granting the attacker complete, unauthorized access and control over the system.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.4, reflecting the high potential for significant business disruption. An attacker can gain full administrative privileges, leading to severe consequences such as the unauthorized access, modification, or exfiltration of sensitive data, including student personally identifiable information (PII), course content, and financial records. The attacker could also deface the platform, delete user accounts, or use the compromised system as a pivot point to launch further attacks against the organization's internal network. This could result in major data breaches, regulatory fines, loss of customer trust, and substantial reputational harm.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update all instances of Creativeitem Academy LMS to the latest version provided by the vendor, which addresses this vulnerability by replacing the hardcoded secret. After patching, it is critical to review all administrative accounts for unauthorized changes and to review application access logs for any signs of suspicious authentication events that may have occurred prior to the update.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement enhanced monitoring of application and web server logs. Specifically, look for unusual authentication patterns, such as successful administrative logins from unrecognized IP addresses, rapid session creations, or access to sensitive functions outside of normal business hours. Configure security information and event management (SIEM) alerts for JWTs with unusually long validity periods or tokens that grant elevated privileges.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following temporary controls:

• Restrict access to the application's administrative dashboard to a limited set of trusted IP addresses using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or network access control lists (ACLs).
• Place the application behind a reverse proxy or identity-aware proxy that can enforce stronger authentication policies, such as Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
• Isolate the application server from other critical network segments to limit the potential impact of a compromise.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of Oct 15, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, vulnerabilities involving hardcoded secrets are trivial to exploit once the secret is identified. It is highly probable that proof-of-concept exploits will be developed and published in the near future, leading to widespread automated scanning and attacks.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity (CVSS 9.4) and the ease of exploitation, immediate action is required. We strongly recommend that all vulnerable Creativeitem Academy LMS instances be patched immediately, prioritizing internet-facing systems. Although this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities) catalog, its high impact and the likelihood of future exploitation warrant treating it as an urgent threat. Organizations should assume they are being targeted and apply the recommended remediation and monitoring controls without delay.

Executive Summary:
A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability has been discovered in the profile management function of the affected software. This flaw could allow a remote attacker to trick an authenticated user into performing unintended actions, such as changing their profile information, email address, or password, potentially leading to account takeover and unauthorized data modification.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56710

Affected Software: PHPGurukul Student-Result-Management-System-Using-PHP-V2

Affected Versions: Version 2 (V2). See vendor advisory for specific affected versions.

Vulnerability: The application's Profile Page is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). The page fails to implement adequate anti-CSRF protections, such as unique, unpredictable tokens, for state-changing requests like updating user profile data. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious webpage or link that, when visited by a logged-in victim, sends a forged request to the application. The victim's browser will automatically include their session cookies, causing the application to process the malicious request as if it were a legitimate action initiated by the user, resulting in unauthorized changes to their account.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.3. Successful exploitation could lead to significant data integrity and confidentiality issues. An attacker could modify sensitive user data, including personal information and credentials, which can facilitate account takeover. For a student management system, this could result in unauthorized alteration of student records, contact details, or academic results. If an administrator's account is compromised, the attacker could gain broader control over the system, impacting all users and severely damaging the organization's reputation and operational integrity.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the security updates released by the vendor to all affected systems without delay. After patching, it is crucial to monitor for any signs of exploitation attempts by reviewing application and web server access logs for unusual profile update activities.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor for suspicious patterns in access logs, such as a high volume of profile update requests originating from unexpected referrers or IP addresses. Implement alerts for rapid, successive changes to a single user account's profile information.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules designed to detect and block common CSRF attack patterns. Additionally, enforce user awareness training, advising users to log out of sessions when finished and to be cautious of clicking unsolicited links in emails or messages.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of September 15, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, CSRF vulnerabilities are well-understood, and proof-of-concept code can be developed with relative ease. Organizations should assume that attackers may develop exploits quickly.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the High severity rating (CVSS 7.3) and the potential for account takeover, we strongly recommend that organizations prioritize the immediate application of the vendor-supplied security patch. While this vulnerability is not currently listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, its potential impact on data integrity warrants urgent action. If patching is delayed, implement the suggested compensating controls and monitoring to reduce the risk of exploitation.

Executive Summary:
A critical deserialization vulnerability has been identified in the H2O-3 platform, assigned CVE-2025-5662 with a CVSS score of 9.8. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server by sending a malicious request to a specific API endpoint. Successful exploitation would result in a complete compromise of the affected system, enabling data theft, further network intrusion, or service disruption.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-5662

Affected Software: H2O.ai H2O-3

Affected Versions: All versions up to and including 3.46.0.7

Vulnerability: The vulnerability exists within the H2O-3 REST API, specifically in the POST /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint. The application fails to properly validate and sanitize user-supplied data before deserializing it. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can craft a malicious serialized object and send it to this endpoint. The server will process this object, leading to the execution of arbitrary code with the permissions of the H2O-3 service account.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation grants an attacker full control over the server running the H2O-3 instance, leading to severe business consequences. These risks include the theft or modification of sensitive data processed by the machine learning platform, deployment of ransomware, using the compromised server as a pivot point to attack the internal network, and significant reputational damage. The ease of exploitation by an unauthenticated attacker elevates the risk to the highest level.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update all instances of H2O-3 to a patched version later than 3.46.0.7, as recommended by the vendor. After patching, monitor system and application logs for any signs of exploitation attempts that may have occurred prior to the update, paying close attention to requests targeting the /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Log Analysis: Scrutinize web server and application access logs for any POST requests to the /99/ImportSQLTable endpoint. Investigate any such requests originating from untrusted or unexpected IP addresses.
• Network Traffic: Monitor for unusual outbound connections from servers running H2O-3, which could indicate a successful compromise and communication with a command-and-control server.
• Endpoint Detection: Use endpoint security tools to monitor for the creation of suspicious processes, unexpected file modifications, or anomalous system behavior on the host machine.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following controls to reduce risk:

• Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or reverse proxy to block all access to the /99/ImportSQLTable API endpoint.
• Restrict network access to the H2O-3 instance at the network level, ensuring it is only accessible from trusted IP addresses.
• Run the H2O-3 service as a low-privilege user to limit the potential impact of a remote code execution event.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of September 2, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) and the unauthenticated nature of the RCE, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop and deploy exploits in the near future. Organizations should assume this vulnerability will be actively targeted.

Analyst Recommendation
This is a critical, unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that requires immediate attention. The potential for complete system compromise presents a severe risk to the organization. All administrators of H2O-3 platforms must prioritize the deployment of the vendor-supplied patch to all affected systems. Although CVE-2025-5662 is not currently on the CISA KEV list, its high severity makes it a likely candidate for future inclusion. If patching is delayed, compensating controls must be implemented without exception.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-56447 with a CVSS score of 9.8, has been discovered in TM2 Monitoring v3.04. This flaw allows an attacker to completely bypass authentication mechanisms and access sensitive credentials stored in plain text. Successful exploitation could lead to a full system compromise, significant data breaches, and unauthorized access to the broader network environment.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56447

Affected Software: Multiple Products incorporating the TM2 Monitoring component.

Affected Versions: TM2 Monitoring v3.04. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected products.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability consists of two combined flaws: an authentication bypass and a plaintext credential disclosure. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a specially crafted request to the affected system to circumvent normal login procedures and gain privileged access. Once access is achieved, the attacker can exploit a second flaw where the system stores or exposes user credentials in an unencrypted, plaintext format, allowing for their immediate theft and misuse.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8, posing an extreme risk to the organization. Exploitation could lead to a complete compromise of the affected application and its underlying server. The consequences include a high-impact data breach, as the attacker can steal all stored credentials, which may be reused to access other corporate systems (lateral movement). This could result in the loss of sensitive company data, customer information, and intellectual property, leading to severe financial penalties, operational disruption, and significant reputational damage.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Organizations must immediately identify all instances of products running TM2 Monitoring v3.04 and update them to the latest patched version as recommended by the vendor. After patching, it is crucial to review access logs for any signs of unauthorized entry or suspicious activity that may have occurred prior to the update.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should actively monitor for indicators of compromise. This includes reviewing web server and application logs for direct URL access to administrative pages, unusual API requests from unknown IP addresses, and any successful logins that did not originate from a legitimate source. Network traffic should be monitored for scanning activity against the affected application and any unusual outbound data transfers.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following compensating controls:

• Restrict network access to the affected application, allowing connections only from trusted IP addresses and internal networks.
• Place the vulnerable system behind a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to block exploit attempts against this vulnerability.
• Enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) on all connected administrative accounts to mitigate the risk of stolen credentials being used elsewhere.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of October 22, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the critical severity and the straightforward nature of an authentication bypass, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop and release exploit code in the near future. The vulnerability is not currently listed on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical CVSS score of 9.8, this vulnerability requires immediate attention. The combination of an authentication bypass and credential disclosure represents a worst-case scenario, providing attackers with an easy path to full system compromise and lateral movement. We strongly recommend that organizations prioritize the deployment of vendor-supplied patches across all affected systems without delay. If patching is not immediately possible, the compensating controls outlined above must be implemented as a temporary but urgent measure to reduce the attack surface.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability has been discovered in the Chipsalliance Rocket-Chip hardware design, which is used in multiple products. The flaw allows a potential attacker to corrupt system processes and gain elevated privileges by exploiting a weakness in how the processor handles errors. Successful exploitation could lead to a complete compromise of the affected device.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56301

Affected Software: issue Multiple Products

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions

Vulnerability: This vulnerability exists in the Control and Status Register (CSR) logic of the Rocket-Chip core. A race condition can be triggered when a hardware exception (e.g., a page fault) occurs at the exact moment the processor is executing an MRET (Machine-mode Return from Exception) instruction. This flawed interaction corrupts the processor's internal state, specifically affecting the mechanisms that manage privilege levels and exception handling. An attacker with the ability to execute code on an affected system can craft a specific sequence of operations to trigger this condition, potentially leading to privilege escalation from a lower-privileged mode to Machine-mode, the highest privilege level.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.5. Exploitation could lead to a complete system compromise, as an attacker could escalate their privileges to the highest level. This would grant them unrestricted access to all system resources, including sensitive data, system configurations, and connected hardware. The potential business impact includes data breaches, intellectual property theft, system-wide denial of service, and the ability for an attacker to establish a persistent foothold within the infrastructure. Given that Rocket-Chip is a hardware design, this flaw could impact a wide range of embedded systems, IoT devices, and other computing platforms, making asset identification a critical first step.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:

• Identify all systems and devices within the environment that utilize the affected Chipsalliance Rocket-Chip core.
• Apply the security updates, firmware patches, or hardware revisions provided by the respective product vendors immediately.
• Monitor systems for any signs of exploitation attempts, paying close attention to unexpected system crashes or reboots.
• Review system and security logs for anomalous activity, particularly related to exception handling and privilege changes.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Monitor system logs for an unusual frequency of hardware exceptions, kernel panics, or unexpected trap events.
• Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) or similar host-based monitoring to detect anomalous process behavior, such as a low-privilege process attempting to perform high-privilege actions.
• If possible, utilize hardware performance counters to monitor for abnormal sequences of MRET instructions and exceptions that could indicate an exploitation attempt.

Compensating Controls:

• If immediate patching is not feasible, restrict the execution of untrusted or third-party code on vulnerable systems.
• Employ sandboxing, virtualization, or containerization to isolate applications and limit their direct access to the underlying hardware.
• Enforce the principle of least privilege for all user accounts and system processes to limit the initial attack surface.
• Use network segmentation to isolate critical or vulnerable systems from general corporate and external networks.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of October 1, 2025, there are no known public exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, the flaw resides at a fundamental hardware level, making it a high-value target for advanced threat actors. The technical details in the disclosure may be sufficient for skilled security researchers to develop a proof-of-concept exploit.

Analyst Recommendation

Due to the high severity (CVSS 7.5) and the critical nature of this vulnerability, which allows for privilege escalation to the highest system level, immediate action is required. Although this vulnerability is not currently listed on the CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities) catalog, its potential for complete system compromise warrants urgent attention. Organizations are strongly advised to prioritize the identification of all affected assets and deploy the vendor-provided patches without delay to mitigate the risk of a security breach.

Executive Summary:
A critical remote code execution vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-56267, has been discovered in Avigilon Access Control Manager (ACM). An attacker can exploit this flaw by uploading a specially crafted file to the system, allowing them to execute arbitrary code and potentially gain full control over the physical access control server. Successful exploitation could lead to a severe physical and logical security breach, enabling unauthorized access to facilities and sensitive data.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-56267

Affected Software: Avigilon Access Control Manager (ACM)

Affected Versions: Version 7.10.0.20. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected versions and products.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is a CSV Injection that leads to server-side remote code execution. An attacker can craft a CSV or Excel file containing malicious formulas. When this file is uploaded to the /id_profiles endpoint, the Avigilon ACM server improperly parses the file, interpreting the malicious formula as a command and executing it with the privileges of the application. This allows an unauthenticated or low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying server, leading to a complete system compromise.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical with a CVSS score of 9.8. A successful exploit would have a severe impact on business operations and security. An attacker could gain complete control of the physical access control system, granting them the ability to remotely lock or unlock doors, disable security alarms, and manipulate identity profiles. This poses a direct risk of unauthorized physical access to sensitive areas, theft of assets, and potential harm to personnel. Furthermore, compromising the ACM server could serve as a pivot point for attackers to move laterally across the corporate network, leading to a wider data breach and significant operational disruption.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Update the affected Avigilon ACM software to the latest patched version as recommended by the vendor. After patching, monitor for any further exploitation attempts and review historical access logs for suspicious file uploads to the /id_profiles endpoint.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Log Analysis: Scrutinize web server and application logs for POST requests to the /id_profiles endpoint. Look for unusual file names, file types, or requests originating from untrusted IP addresses.
• Network Monitoring: Monitor the ACM server for any unusual outbound network connections, as this could indicate a successful compromise and communication with a command-and-control server.
• Endpoint Detection: Use endpoint security tools to monitor the ACM server for the creation of suspicious processes, files, or scheduled tasks.

Compensating Controls:
If immediate patching is not feasible, implement the following controls:

• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF rule to inspect and block file uploads to the /id_profiles endpoint that contain malicious patterns or formulas (e.g., strings starting with =, +, -, or @).
• Access Control: Restrict network access to the Avigilon ACM management interface to a limited set of trusted administrative workstations.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate the ACM server in a secured network segment to prevent lateral movement in the event of a compromise.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of September 8, 2025, there are no known public proof-of-concept exploits or active exploitation campaigns targeting this vulnerability. However, due to the critical severity (CVSS 9.8) and the straightforward nature of the attack vector, it is highly probable that threat actors will develop and deploy exploits in the near future.

Analyst Recommendation
This vulnerability represents a critical risk to the organization's physical and cybersecurity posture. Given the severity and the potential for complete system compromise, immediate remediation is imperative. We strongly recommend that all organizations using the affected Avigilon ACM product apply the vendor-supplied patches on an emergency basis. Although this CVE is not currently on the CISA KEV list, its high impact makes it a likely candidate for future inclusion. If patching cannot be performed immediately, the compensating controls listed above should be implemented without delay to reduce the attack surface.