Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability exists in multiple FLIR thermal traffic cameras, identified as CVE-2018-25141. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass security controls and gain direct access to live video streams. Exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a significant breach of confidentiality, enabling unauthorized surveillance of sensitive areas monitored by these cameras.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2018-25141

Affected Software: FLIR Multiple Products

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions

Vulnerability: The affected FLIR cameras contain an improper access control vulnerability. A specific endpoint or URL path for the live video stream does not enforce authentication, allowing anyone with network access to the device to view the feed. An attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted HTTP request directly to the vulnerable endpoint, completely bypassing the need for a username and password.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.5. The primary business impact is a severe loss of confidentiality. Unauthorized access to live video feeds from traffic or security cameras can expose sensitive operational data, enable industrial espionage, facilitate the planning of physical security breaches, or lead to significant privacy violations. For organizations managing critical infrastructure or secure facilities, this could allow adversaries to monitor personnel movements, security patrol patterns, and daily operations, posing a direct risk to physical security and safety.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the security updates provided by FLIR to all affected devices immediately. Prior to and after patching, review camera access logs for any unusual or unauthorized connections, particularly from external IP addresses.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement network monitoring to detect anomalous traffic patterns to and from the affected cameras. Specifically, look for a high volume of requests to video streaming ports or direct connections from IP addresses not associated with authorized management systems or viewers. Configure alerts for repeated access attempts or connections from unexpected geographic locations.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement network segmentation to isolate the cameras from the public internet and other internal corporate networks. Use a firewall or Access Control Lists (ACLs) to strictly limit access to the cameras' management and video ports, allowing connections only from a trusted IP range or a dedicated jump host/management station.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes: As of December 26, 2025, while this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, the method for exploitation is publicly documented. The simplicity of the exploit (often just requiring knowledge of a specific URL) means that attackers can easily scan the internet for exposed devices using tools like Shodan and automate exploitation at scale.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high severity (CVSS 7.5) and the public availability of exploit information, immediate action is required. Organizations must prioritize the deployment of vendor-supplied patches to all affected FLIR cameras. If patching is delayed, the implementation of compensating controls, such as network isolation and strict firewall rules, is critical to mitigate the immediate risk of unauthorized surveillance. The lack of a CISA KEV listing should not diminish the urgency, as the low complexity of this attack makes vulnerable, internet-exposed devices prime targets for opportunistic threat actors.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity SQL injection vulnerability exists within the Control SOCA Access Control System. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to manipulate the backend database, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data theft, or complete system compromise. Due to the critical function of an access control system, immediate remediation is strongly advised to prevent a security breach.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2018-25128

Affected Software: Control Multiple Products

Affected Versions: SOCA Access Control System version 180612. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input submitted via POST parameters before using it in SQL queries. An attacker can craft a malicious POST request containing specially formatted SQL commands. These commands are then executed by the backend database, allowing the attacker to bypass authentication, exfiltrate sensitive data, modify or delete records, and in some configurations, execute commands on the underlying operating system.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 8.2. Exploitation could have severe consequences for the organization, as the affected product is an access control system. A successful attack could result in unauthorized physical access to facilities, theft of sensitive personnel data, manipulation of access logs to hide malicious activity, and disruption of security operations. The compromise of this system could serve as a pivot point for broader network intrusion, leading to significant financial loss, reputational damage, and potential regulatory penalties.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:

• Apply Vendor Patches: The primary remediation is to apply the security patches provided by the vendor immediately to all affected systems.
• Review Database Access Controls: Ensure the application's database user account is configured with the principle of least privilege. The account should only have the minimum permissions necessary for the application to function, preventing more destructive actions like dropping tables or executing system commands.
• Enable Query Logging: Turn on detailed logging for the database server to capture all executed queries. This will aid in detecting exploitation attempts and support forensic investigations if a compromise is suspected.

Proactive Monitoring:

• Monitor web server and database logs for suspicious queries containing SQL syntax such as UNION SELECT, ' OR '1'='1', SLEEP(), or other database-specific commands within POST request bodies.
• Analyze network traffic for unusual patterns or a high volume of requests to the application's endpoints.
• Establish alerts for anomalous database activity, such as unexpected high CPU usage or access to tables outside of normal application behavior.

Compensating Controls:

• If patching cannot be performed immediately, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with a ruleset configured to detect and block SQL injection attacks.
• Implement network segmentation to isolate the access control system from the broader corporate network, limiting the potential impact of a compromise.
• Enforce stricter input validation at a network level, such as through a reverse proxy, if possible.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes:
As of December 25, 2025, there are no known public exploits specifically targeting this vulnerability. However, SQL injection is a well-understood vulnerability class, and skilled attackers can develop private exploits with relative ease. This vulnerability is not listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating no widespread, active exploitation has been observed.

Analyst Recommendation
Given the high CVSS score of 8.2 and the critical function of the affected access control system, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the organization. We strongly recommend that the vendor-supplied patches be applied as an immediate priority. While this CVE is not currently in the CISA KEV catalog, the potential for targeted exploitation remains high. If patching is delayed, compensating controls, particularly a Web Application Firewall, must be implemented as a temporary measure to mitigate risk.

Executive Summary:
A critical remote command injection vulnerability exists in multiple FLIR Thermal Camera products. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker on the network to execute arbitrary commands with the highest privileges (root), enabling them to take complete control of the affected camera, access sensitive video feeds, and potentially pivot to attack other systems on the internal network.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2017-20216

Affected Software: FLIR Thermal Camera Multiple Products

Affected Versions: Firmware version 8.0.0.64 is confirmed vulnerable. See vendor advisory for a complete list of affected products and versions.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability lies within the controllerFlirSystem.php script accessible on the device's web interface. The execFlirSystem() function within this script fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input sent via POST requests. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft a malicious POST request containing arbitrary system commands, which are then passed directly to a shell_exec() call and executed on the underlying operating system with root privileges.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation grants an attacker complete control over the affected thermal camera. This could lead to a severe breach of physical security by disabling surveillance, manipulation of video feeds, or exfiltration of sensitive thermal imaging data. Furthermore, the compromised device can be used as a staging point for lateral movement, allowing attackers to pivot and launch further attacks against the internal corporate network, posing a significant risk of a wider data breach or operational disruption.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately apply the latest firmware updates provided by FLIR to all affected thermal camera products to patch the vulnerability. Concurrently, review system and network access logs for any signs of compromise, paying close attention to requests targeting the controllerFlirSystem.php script.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor network traffic for suspicious POST requests to the /cgi-bin/controllerFlirSystem.php endpoint on FLIR devices. System administrators should also watch for unusual outbound network connections from the cameras, unexpected running processes, or modifications to system files that could indicate a successful compromise.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement network segmentation to isolate the thermal cameras from critical internal networks. Use a firewall or network access control lists (ACLs) to restrict access to the camera's web management interface to only trusted administrative workstations.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes: As of January 6, 2026, the Shadowserver Foundation has observed active, in-the-wild exploitation of this vulnerability. The ease of exploitation (a single unauthenticated web request) combined with active scanning and attacks means that any internet-exposed, unpatched device is at extremely high risk of compromise.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical CVSS score of 9.8 and confirmed evidence of active exploitation in the wild, this vulnerability requires immediate attention. Organizations must prioritize applying the vendor-supplied firmware updates to all affected FLIR cameras without delay. Although this CVE is not currently on the CISA KEV list, its active exploitation status warrants treating it with the same level of urgency as a KEV-listed vulnerability. Implementing compensating controls, such as network segmentation for all IoT/OT devices, should be considered a standard security practice to mitigate the risk of similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Executive Summary:
A critical command injection vulnerability exists in all versions of the retired Apache Continuum software. Attackers with network access to the application's API can execute arbitrary commands on the server, leading to a complete system compromise and potential data breaches. As the product is no longer supported, no patch is available, making migration to an alternative solution the only effective remediation.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2016-15057

Affected Software: Apache Continuum

Affected Versions: All versions.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is a command injection flaw (CWE-77) within the REST API of Apache Continuum. The application fails to properly sanitize or neutralize special characters in user-supplied input before passing it to a system shell for execution. An attacker with access to the REST API can craft a malicious request containing operating system commands, which will be executed on the server with the privileges of the Apache Continuum service account. This allows for full remote code execution on the affected system.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as critical severity with a CVSS score of 9.9. Successful exploitation results in complete remote code execution (RCE) on the server hosting Apache Continuum. This could lead to a full system compromise, allowing an attacker to steal sensitive data, install ransomware or other malware, disrupt service availability, and use the compromised server as a pivot point to attack other systems within the internal network. The business risks include significant data breaches, financial loss, reputational damage, and operational downtime.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: The vendor has retired the Apache Continuum project and will not release a security patch. The primary remediation is to decommission the affected software and migrate to a modern, supported alternative. If immediate decommissioning is not feasible, restrict network access to the REST API to only trusted IP addresses and users at the network firewall level.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor web server and application access logs for suspicious or malformed requests to the Continuum REST API, particularly those containing shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, |, &&, $(...)). Scrutinize system process lists and logs for unexpected processes being spawned by the Continuum user account. Monitor network traffic for unusual outbound connections from the server, which could indicate a successful compromise.

Compensating Controls: If the application cannot be decommissioned immediately, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules designed to detect and block command injection attempts against the REST API. Isolate the server in a segmented network zone to limit an attacker's ability to move laterally if the system is compromised. Enforce the principle of least privilege for the service account running Apache Continuum to limit the potential impact.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: False

Analyst Notes: As of Jan 26, 2026, there are no known public exploits specifically for this CVE. However, the Apache Continuum project is retired and unsupported, meaning no patch will ever be available. Command injection vulnerabilities are generally straightforward to exploit, and a knowledgeable attacker could easily develop a private exploit. The primary risk factor is the end-of-life status of the software, which makes any instance of it an insecure and high-risk asset.

Analyst Recommendation
Given the critical severity (CVSS 9.9) and the complete lack of a security patch from the vendor, immediate action is required. We strongly recommend that all instances of Apache Continuum be identified and decommissioned as a top priority. Organizations must migrate to a supported continuous integration platform to eliminate this risk. If decommissioning is delayed for any reason, the compensating controls listed above must be implemented immediately to reduce the likelihood of a successful attack.

Executive Summary: A critical, actively exploited command injection vulnerability in PHPMailer allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected server, leading to a complete system compromise.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2016-10033

Affected Software: PHP PHPMailer

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions.

Vulnerability: An unauthenticated attacker can inject malicious shell commands into parameters used by the PHPMailer library. When the application processes an email, these commands are executed by the underlying mail transfer agent, resulting in remote code execution on the server.

Business Impact

With a CVSS score of 9.5 (Critical), a successful exploit allows for a full system compromise. An attacker could exfiltrate sensitive data, install ransomware, or use the compromised server to launch further attacks against the internal network. The inclusion of this vulnerability in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog confirms it is being actively exploited and represents a severe and immediate threat to the business.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply all vendor-supplied patches and mitigations immediately. Per CISA's Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01, federal agencies must remediate this vulnerability by July 27, 2025.

Proactive Monitoring: Review web server and application logs for suspicious POST requests to email-sending functions. Monitor for unexpected processes spawned by the web server's user account.

Compensating Controls: Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with strict rules to detect and block command injection patterns. This can serve as a virtual patch if immediate updates are not feasible.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Yes

Analyst Notes: This vulnerability is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, confirming it is being actively exploited in the wild. The risk of compromise is exceptionally high for any unpatched, internet-facing system using the vulnerable library.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity and confirmed active exploitation, immediate remediation is mandatory. The risk of server compromise, data breach, and operational disruption is severe. All administrators must prioritize the application of vendor patches to fully mitigate this threat before the federal deadline.

Executive Summary:
A critical privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the WPLMS theme for WordPress. This flaw allows a low-privileged user, such as a subscriber, to gain full administrative control over an affected website. Successful exploitation could lead to a complete site compromise, enabling an attacker to steal data, deface the site, or use it to launch further attacks.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2015-10139

Affected Software: WPLMS theme for WordPress

Affected Versions: All versions in the 1.x branch prior to the patched version.

Vulnerability: The WPLMS theme for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation due to a missing or improper authorization check on a function that handles administrative actions. An attacker with a low-privilege account can craft a specific request to this function, bypassing normal security controls. This allows the attacker to execute administrative commands, such as creating a new administrator account, effectively elevating their privileges and gaining complete control over the WordPress installation.

Business Impact

The exploitation of this high-severity vulnerability (High severity with a CVSS score of 8.8) presents a significant risk to the organization. A successful attack could result in a complete compromise of the website, granting the attacker administrative access to steal sensitive user data, customer information, and proprietary content. This can lead to severe reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and potential financial losses. Furthermore, a compromised site could be used to distribute malware or host phishing campaigns, leading to the website being blacklisted by search engines and security vendors.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update the WPLMS theme to the latest available version that addresses this vulnerability. After updating, perform a thorough review of all WordPress user accounts, removing any suspicious or unauthorized administrator accounts. Review WordPress security settings to ensure they align with best practices and remove any plugins or themes that are no longer needed.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor web server access logs for unusual POST requests to WordPress administrative functions (e.g., admin-ajax.php) originating from unexpected sources or low-privilege users. Implement file integrity monitoring to detect unauthorized changes to theme files, core WordPress files, or plugins. Audit WordPress security logs for suspicious activities, such as a 'subscriber' role creating a new 'administrator' account.

Compensating Controls: If patching is not immediately possible, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to block WordPress privilege escalation attempts. Restrict access to the WordPress administrative dashboard (/wp-admin/) to trusted IP addresses only. Enforce the principle of least privilege for all user roles and regularly audit accounts to remove any that are inactive or unnecessary.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes: As of July 20, 2025, multiple public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits are available for this vulnerability. Due to its age and the ease of exploitation, it is actively targeted by automated scanners and opportunistic threat actors seeking vulnerable WordPress sites. Although this vulnerability is not currently listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, its public exposure and high severity warrant immediate attention.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high severity (CVSS 8.8) of this vulnerability and the confirmed availability of public exploits, immediate remediation is strongly recommended. Organizations using the WPLMS theme must prioritize updating to the latest patched version to prevent compromise. Following the update, security teams should conduct a thorough audit for any indicators of compromise, such as unauthorized user accounts or modified site files, to ensure the vulnerability has not already been exploited. If patching is delayed, implementing compensating controls like a WAF is a critical stopgap measure to mitigate the immediate risk.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the GI-Media Library plugin for WordPress. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass security measures and read sensitive files on the server, such as configuration files containing database credentials. Successful exploitation could lead to the exposure of confidential information and potentially a full compromise of the website.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2015-10136

Affected Software: WordPress GI-Media Library Plugin

Affected Versions: All versions before 3.0

Vulnerability:
The vulnerability is a Directory Traversal, also known as Path Traversal. The GI-Media Library plugin fails to properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input that is used to construct file paths on the server. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious request containing "dot-dot-slash" (../) sequences. By manipulating a parameter in an HTTP request to the plugin, the attacker can navigate outside of the intended web root directory and access or download arbitrary files from the server's filesystem, such as wp-config.php or /etc/passwd.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.5. Successful exploitation could lead to a significant data breach by allowing an attacker to read sensitive files directly from the server. The primary risk is the exposure of critical configuration files like wp-config.php, which contain database credentials. An attacker gaining these credentials could access, modify, or delete all website data, leading to intellectual property theft, exposure of user information, and severe reputational damage. This information can also be used as a foothold for further attacks against the underlying server and internal network.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:
Immediately update the GI-Media Library plugin to the latest available version (3.0 or higher), which addresses this vulnerability. If the plugin is not actively used or required for business operations, the recommended course of action is to deactivate and completely remove it from the WordPress installation to eliminate the attack surface.

Proactive Monitoring:
Monitor web server access logs for requests targeting the GI-Media Library plugin that contain directory traversal patterns such as ../, ..%2f, or their encoded variants. Implement a File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) solution to generate alerts upon unauthorized access attempts to critical files like wp-config.php.

Compensating Controls:
If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to detect and block directory traversal attack patterns. Additionally, review and harden file system permissions to ensure the web server's user account has the most restrictive access necessary and cannot read files outside of the web root directory.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes:
As of July 20, 2025, this vulnerability is not listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. However, Directory Traversal is a well-understood vulnerability class, and public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits are available. Due to the ease of exploitation, it is highly likely that threat actors are using automated scanners to find and exploit unpatched instances of this plugin in the wild.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the High severity (CVSS 7.5) of this vulnerability and the availability of public exploit code, we strongly recommend immediate remediation. The risk of sensitive data exposure is significant. The primary action is to update the GI-Media Library plugin to a patched version or remove it entirely if it is not essential. Although this CVE is not on the CISA KEV list, its simplicity and the potential impact of a successful attack warrant urgent attention. Organizations should prioritize patching this vulnerability to prevent a potential data breach.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability exists in the Simple Backup plugin for WordPress, allowing unauthenticated attackers to download arbitrary files from the web server. Successful exploitation could lead to the exposure of highly sensitive information, such as database credentials and server configuration files, enabling further compromise of the website and underlying infrastructure.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2015-10134

Affected Software: WordPress Simple Backup plugin

Affected Versions: Versions up to, and including, 2

Vulnerability: The Simple Backup plugin for WordPress fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input when handling file download requests. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a malicious request containing path traversal sequences (e.g., ../) to navigate outside of the intended directory. This allows the attacker to specify and download any file on the server that is readable by the web server process, including the wp-config.php file, which contains database credentials, or other system-level files.

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.5. Exploitation can have a severe business impact, leading directly to a data breach. An attacker could exfiltrate sensitive configuration files, proprietary application code, or customer data stored on the filesystem. The theft of database credentials from the wp-config.php file would grant the attacker full access to the website's database, risking a complete compromise of user data, content, and site integrity, leading to significant reputational damage, regulatory penalties, and financial loss.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update the Simple Backup plugin to the latest available version that patches this vulnerability. If the plugin is no longer actively used or maintained, it should be deactivated and completely removed from the WordPress installation to eliminate this attack vector.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor web server access logs for suspicious requests targeting the Simple Backup plugin's endpoints. Look for GET requests that include path traversal characters (../) or direct requests for sensitive files like wp-config.php, /etc/passwd, or .htaccess.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rulesets designed to block path traversal attacks. Additionally, enforce strict file system permissions to ensure the web server user account has read access only to the files and directories absolutely necessary for the website to function, limiting the impact of a successful exploit.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes: As of July 20, 2025, there are known public proof-of-concept exploits for this type of vulnerability. Due to the simplicity of exploitation, automated scanners and malicious actors frequently search for unpatched WordPress instances with this flaw. While this CVE is not currently listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, its high severity and the availability of public exploits indicate a significant risk of opportunistic attacks.

Analyst Recommendation
Given the high severity (CVSS 7.5) and the public availability of exploit code, this vulnerability poses a critical risk to the organization. We strongly recommend that immediate action is taken to apply the vendor's remediation. All WordPress sites should be audited to identify instances of the vulnerable "Simple Backup" plugin, which must be updated or removed without delay to prevent the compromise of sensitive server data and a potential full site takeover.

Executive Summary:
A high-severity vulnerability exists in the "Subscribe to Comments for WordPress" plugin, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read sensitive files directly from the web server. Successful exploitation could lead to the exposure of confidential data, such as database credentials and system user information, potentially enabling a complete compromise of the affected website and server.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2015-10133

Affected Software: Subscribe to Comments for WordPress

Affected Versions: All versions up to, and including, 2

Vulnerability:
The vulnerability is a Local File Inclusion (LFI). The plugin fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input that is used in a file path. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft a malicious request, manipulating a parameter to include directory traversal sequences (e.g., ../). This tricks the application into accessing and displaying the contents of arbitrary files on the server's local filesystem, such as wp-config.php (containing database credentials) or /etc/passwd (containing system user lists).

Business Impact

This vulnerability is rated as High severity with a CVSS score of 7.2. Exploitation could have a significant negative impact on the business. An attacker could steal sensitive configuration details, leading to a full database compromise, customer data theft, and loss of intellectual property. The public disclosure of such an incident would result in reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and potential regulatory fines. The compromised server could also be used as a pivot point to launch further attacks against the internal network.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action:
Immediately update the "Subscribe to Comments for WordPress" plugin to the latest patched version to mitigate this vulnerability. If the plugin is no longer in use or essential for business operations, it should be deactivated and completely removed from the WordPress installation to eliminate the associated risk.

Proactive Monitoring:
Monitor web server access logs (e.g., Apache, Nginx) for suspicious GET requests containing directory traversal patterns like ../, %2e%2e%2f, or requests attempting to access known sensitive files like wp-config.php or /etc/passwd. Implement File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) to alert on unauthorized access to critical system and application files.

Compensating Controls:
If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules designed to detect and block LFI and directory traversal attack patterns. Additionally, harden server file permissions to ensure the web server's user account can only read files within the web root and cannot access sensitive system-level files.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes:
As of July 20, 2025, this vulnerability is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. However, Local File Inclusion is a well-understood vulnerability class, and public proof-of-concept exploits are readily available and integrated into automated scanning tools. Due to the age of the CVE and the popularity of WordPress, it is highly likely that attackers are actively scanning for and exploiting this vulnerability in unpatched systems.

Analyst Recommendation
Given the High severity (CVSS 7.2), the availability of public exploits, and the low complexity of an attack, immediate action is critical. We strongly recommend that all instances of the "Subscribe to Comments for WordPress" plugin be updated to a secure version without delay. Organizations should conduct a comprehensive audit of all WordPress plugins to identify and remediate other outdated components, reducing the overall attack surface. This vulnerability should be treated with high priority, regardless of its absence from the CISA KEV list.

Executive Summary: A critical, actively exploited buffer overflow vulnerability in Looking Glass Multi-Router Looking Glass (MRLG) allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2014-3931

Affected Software: Looking Glass Multi-Router Looking Glass (MRLG)

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions.

Vulnerability: The software is affected by a buffer overflow vulnerability. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can send a specially crafted request to the MRLG service, triggering the overflow and leading to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the application.

Business Impact

A successful exploit of this vulnerability would result in a complete compromise of the affected system. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive network infrastructure data, system downtime, or the use of the compromised device as a pivot point for further attacks within the network. The assigned CVSS score of 9.5 (Critical) and its inclusion in the CISA KEV catalog underscore the extreme risk and urgency, as this vulnerability is confirmed to be exploited in the wild.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Per CISA's Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01, federal agencies must apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product by the deadline of July 27, 2025. All organizations are strongly advised to take this action immediately.

Proactive Monitoring: Review system and network logs for unexpected crashes of the MRLG service, anomalous outbound network connections, or the execution of unauthorized processes on the host system.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) with rules to inspect and block malformed requests targeting the MRLG interface.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Yes

Analyst Notes: As of July 6, 2025, this vulnerability is confirmed to be actively exploited in the wild, as evidenced by its inclusion in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity, public availability of exploit code, and confirmed active exploitation, this vulnerability poses a direct and immediate threat to affected organizations. We strongly recommend that all administrators prioritize applying the vendor-supplied mitigations or decommissioning the affected product immediately to prevent system compromise. Compliance with the CISA deadline is mandatory for federal entities and a best practice for all other organizations.

Executive Summary:
A critical backdoor vulnerability has been identified in a specific distributed version of MyBB forum software. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to a complete system compromise, data theft, and further network intrusion. Due to the ease of exploitation and the severity of the impact, immediate remediation is required.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2011-10018

Affected Software: myBB version Multiple Products

Affected Versions: 1.6.4 (Specifically the package distributed with the backdoor)

Vulnerability: The official distribution package for MyBB version 1.6.4 was compromised and released with a malicious backdoor embedded directly within its source code. This backdoor provides a hidden mechanism for remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server hosting the software. Exploitation involves an attacker sending a specially crafted request containing a malicious payload, which is then processed and executed by the backdoored code, granting the attacker full control over the application and potentially the underlying server.

Business Impact

This is a critical severity vulnerability with a CVSS score of 9.8. Successful exploitation would have a severe and direct impact on the business. An attacker could achieve complete system compromise, leading to the theft of sensitive data, including user credentials, personal information, and intellectual property. Further risks include website defacement, service disruption, and the use of the compromised server as a pivot point to launch attacks against other internal systems or to participate in botnets. The resulting reputational damage, financial loss, and potential regulatory fines could be substantial.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Immediately update the affected MyBB installation to the latest secure version. It is critical to obtain the software from the official MyBB website to ensure a clean, untampered package. Do not patch the existing files; instead, perform a full replacement of the source code with a verified, clean version. After updating, thoroughly review server access logs and application logs for any signs of compromise or exploitation attempts.

Proactive Monitoring: Implement continuous monitoring of web server logs for unusual or suspicious requests, particularly POST requests with encoded payloads or requests targeting non-standard files. Utilize a file integrity monitoring (FIM) solution to alert on any unauthorized changes to core application files. Monitor for unexpected outbound network connections and anomalous CPU or memory usage, which could indicate malicious code execution.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules specifically designed to detect and block common code injection and remote command execution patterns. Restrict file permissions on the web server to prevent the web process from writing to or modifying core application directories. Consider disabling potentially dangerous PHP functions (e.g., eval(), system(), shell_exec()) in the php.ini configuration if they are not essential for the application's functionality.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: true

Analyst Notes: As of Aug 13, 2025, the method to trigger this backdoor is publicly known and trivial to execute. Automated scanners are likely actively searching the internet for vulnerable instances of MyBB 1.6.4. Any publicly accessible system running the compromised version should be considered at immediate risk of exploitation. Given the nature of the vulnerability, it is crucial to assume the system has been compromised if it was running the affected version and proceed with a full incident response investigation.

Analyst Recommendation

This vulnerability represents a direct and critical threat to the organization. Due to the 9.8 CVSS score and the presence of a pre-built backdoor, immediate action is paramount. The primary recommendation is to take the affected application offline immediately and replace the compromised source code with a verified, clean version from the official vendor. Following the update, a thorough security audit must be conducted to identify and remediate any signs of an existing compromise. Although not currently listed on the CISA KEV, the severity warrants treating this with the highest priority.