Description Summary:
The WSO2 JWT authentication mechanism incorrectly validates tokens using unsupported algorithms, potentially allowing unauthenticated attackers to bypass security controls and gain unauthorized access.

Executive Summary:
A critical vulnerability in WSO2 products allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass JWT authentication, posing a severe risk of unauthorized access and potential administrative account takeover.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2026-5430

Affected Software: WSO2 Universal Gateway and associated API management components

Affected Versions: See provided version list in metadata

Vulnerability: This vulnerability resides in the JWT authentication mechanism, which fails to correctly enforce configured signing algorithms. An unauthenticated attacker can craft malicious tokens to bypass authentication gates.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation permits unauthorized access to sensitive API management functions and backend systems. Given the CVSS score of 10.0, this flaw represents a total compromise of the security boundary, potentially leading to full system takeover and unauthorized data modification or exfiltration.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the vendor-provided patches by updating the affected WSO2 components to the versions specified in the security advisory found at the official WSO2 security portal.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor authentication logs for anomalous JWT token patterns or unexpected administrative login events.

Compensating Controls: Ensure strict network segmentation for API management interfaces to limit exposure to untrusted networks.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No

Analyst Notes: As of August 6, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The flaw is inherently dangerous due to the ease of bypassing authentication via token manipulation.

Analyst Recommendation

This vulnerability presents a maximum-severity risk to the integrity and availability of your API infrastructure. Organizations must prioritize the deployment of the vendor updates immediately to prevent potential exploitation of the authentication bypass.

Description Summary:
The throttling event handling mechanism in multiple WSO2 products fails to properly validate user-supplied JSON payloads, leading to potential denial-of-service conditions.

Executive Summary:
Improper validation of JSON payloads in WSO2 product throttling mechanisms allows unauthenticated attackers to cause a denial-of-service condition.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2026-4249

Affected Software: WSO2 Universal Gateway, Traffic Manager, API Control Plane, and API Manager

Affected Versions: Multiple versions, including WSO2 API Manager 3.2.0 through 4.5.0 and associated gateway/control plane components. Please refer to the vendor advisory for specific patch levels.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability (CWE-707) exists in the throttling event handling mechanism. An unauthenticated attacker can send malformed or malicious JSON payloads that bypass validation, resulting in system instability or a denial-of-service (A).

Business Impact

With a CVSS score of 8.6, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the availability of critical API infrastructure. Successful exploitation could paralyze API management and traffic routing capabilities, leading to widespread service outages for any applications relying on the WSO2 gateway, resulting in severe business disruption.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the specific security updates provided by WSO2 for your respective product version as detailed in the official security advisory.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor API Manager and Gateway logs for malformed JSON requests or unexpected error spikes within the throttling event handling processes.

Compensating Controls: Utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to inspect and filter incoming JSON traffic for structural anomalies before it reaches the WSO2 throttling engine.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of July 7, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation of this vulnerability. However, due to the nature of the flaw, the potential for exploitation is high.

Analyst Recommendation

The reliance on WSO2 for API management makes this a high-priority update. Administrators should immediately audit their WSO2 environments against the provided advisory and apply the necessary patches to prevent potential service-impacting attacks.

Description Summary:
WSO2 API Manager contains an XML External Entity (XXE) style vulnerability within its SchemaValidator Mediator due to improper handling of XML document type declarations.

Executive Summary:
Improper XML validation handling in the WSO2 SchemaValidator Mediator exposes multiple WSO2 products to potential information disclosure and denial of service attacks.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2026-3415

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager, Universal Gateway, Traffic Manager, Carbon API Gateway, and Carbon API Management Implementation.

Affected Versions: See enrichment data for specific ranges, including WSO2 API Manager versions 3.2.0 through 4.6.0.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability is identified as CWE-776, involving the improper handling of special elements in XML Document Type Declarations. The attack requires high privileges (PR:H) to execute, as it affects internal validation flows within the product.

Business Impact

An attacker with administrative access could exploit this flaw to cause a denial of service or potentially leak sensitive information from the server. Given the CVSS score of 8.7, this poses a substantial risk to the stability and confidentiality of the API management infrastructure.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the vendor-provided security updates immediately by following the instructions at the official WSO2 security advisory page.

Proactive Monitoring: Review system logs for unusual XML processing errors or spikes in resource consumption that may indicate attempts to trigger the validation flaw.

Compensating Controls: Ensure that XML parsers are configured to disable Document Type Declarations (DTD) and external entity expansion at the gateway level.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown

Analyst Notes: As of August 7, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While the required privilege level is high, the impact on availability and confidentiality warrants prompt attention.

Analyst Recommendation

Organizations should prioritize patching their WSO2 deployments to the versions specified in the vendor advisory. Failure to address this vulnerability could lead to significant service disruptions in API-heavy environments.

Description Summary:
WSO2 API Manager contains a vulnerability in its message flow component that fails to properly validate user-controlled input within WS-Addressing headers.

Executive Summary:
An improper input validation vulnerability in WSO2 API Manager could allow attackers to manipulate message processing, leading to potential security bypasses.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2026-2053

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions

Vulnerability: The issue resides in the message flow component where WS-Addressing headers are processed without sufficient validation. This lack of restriction on user-controlled input can be leveraged to inject malicious data into the processing stream.

Business Impact

With a CVSS score of 8.3, this vulnerability represents a high risk to API integrity and availability. Attackers could potentially exploit this to cause service disruptions or bypass security controls enforced by the API Manager, directly threatening the confidentiality and reliability of exposed services.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the latest security patches provided by WSO2 to remediate the input validation flaw in the message flow component.

Proactive Monitoring: Inspect API gateway logs for malformed WS-Addressing headers or anomalous request patterns that deviate from expected traffic profiles.

Compensating Controls: Utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured to inspect and sanitize incoming SOAP and REST headers to block potentially malicious inputs.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: false

Analyst Notes: As of June 26, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation of this vulnerability. However, due to the nature of the flaw, the potential for exploitation is high.

Analyst Recommendation

The severity of this flaw necessitates immediate attention, particularly for environments where WSO2 API Manager handles sensitive traffic. Administrators must coordinate with the vendor to verify current patch availability and prioritize deployment to ensure the continued security of the API ecosystem.

Description Summary:
WSO2 API Manager suffers from improper privilege management where low-privileged tokens can access administrative REST APIs, potentially leading to full account takeover.

Executive Summary:
A privilege management flaw in WSO2 API Manager allows low-privileged users to access sensitive administrative APIs, posing a severe risk of full account takeover.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2026-1728

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager, API Control Plane, Universal Gateway, Traffic Manager, and associated Carbon API components.

Affected Versions: Various versions, including WSO2 API Manager 4.0.0 through 4.6.0 (specific sub-versions listed in vendor documentation).

Vulnerability: The vulnerability stems from insufficient restriction of tokens issued to low-privileged users, which are erroneously accepted by product-level Admin REST APIs. This allows an attacker who already possesses a standard user account to escalate privileges and invoke administrative functions.

Business Impact

The ability for a low-privileged user to access Admin REST APIs effectively grants an attacker administrative control over the WSO2 ecosystem. This can lead to the unauthorized configuration of gateways, manipulation of API traffic, and potential data exfiltration. The CVSS score of 9.8 underscores the critical nature of this privilege escalation.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Update WSO2 products to the fixed versions (e.g., 9.33.27 or later for the affected Carbon API components) as detailed in the official WSO2 security advisory.

Proactive Monitoring: Audit API access logs for any anomalous requests made to administrative endpoints by users that do not possess the required administrative roles.

Compensating Controls: Implement strict network segmentation for administrative interfaces and ensure that API gateways are configured to enforce robust scope and role validation for all incoming requests.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown

Analyst Notes: As of Aug 6, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The requirement for an attacker to possess a low-privileged account makes this an internal threat vector that is highly dangerous within enterprise environments.

Analyst Recommendation

The risk of privilege escalation to full administrative access necessitates an immediate review of all WSO2 deployments. Organizations must apply the vendor-provided patches promptly to close the authorization gaps and prevent unauthorized administrative access.

Description Summary:
WSO2 products contain an improper access control vulnerability in internal SOAP Admin Services and System REST APIs, allowing low-privileged users to perform unauthorized operations.

Executive Summary:
A critical access control vulnerability in multiple WSO2 products could allow unauthorized users to perform administrative operations and access sensitive server-level information.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-9804

Affected Software: WSO2 Identity Server, Identity Server as Key Manager, API Manager, and Open Banking (KM/IAM/AM modules).

Affected Versions: Various versions of WSO2 Identity Server (5.2.0 through 5.8.0), Identity Server as Key Manager (5.3.0 through 5.10.0), API Manager (2.0.0 through 3.2.0), and Open Banking components; see the WSO2 security advisory for the specific build versions listed in the enrichment data.

Vulnerability: This is an improper access control flaw (CWE-284) caused by insufficient permission enforcement within internal SOAP Admin Services and System REST APIs. The vulnerability allows a low-privileged user to perform unauthorized actions, though it is limited to internal administrative interfaces rather than the public-facing API Gateway.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability permits unauthorized access to sensitive server-level data and functionality. Given the CVSS score of 9.6, this flaw poses a severe risk to organizational confidentiality and system integrity, potentially facilitating lateral movement or complete compromise of the affected WSO2 instances.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Administrators must review the official WSO2 security advisory (WSO2-2025-4503) and apply the specific patches or version updates corresponding to their deployed product and version.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor internal administrative interface access logs for unusual patterns or unauthorized requests originating from low-privileged accounts.

Compensating Controls: Ensure that internal administrative APIs are not exposed to the public internet and are restricted via network-level controls (such as VPNs or firewalls) to trusted management subnets only.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No (exploit_available: unknown)

Analyst Notes: As of Oct 16, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While the CVSS score is high, the impact is mitigated by the fact that the flaw is restricted to internal interfaces and does not affect the public API Gateway.

Analyst Recommendation

Due to the critical severity of this vulnerability, organizations should prioritize the identification and patching of all affected WSO2 instances. Following the vendor-provided remediation steps immediately is essential to prevent potential unauthorized access to administrative functions.

Description Summary:
A missing authentication enforcement flaw in the mutual TLS implementation of various WSO2 products allows unauthenticated attackers to gain administrative privileges via REST APIs and SOAP services.

Executive Summary:
A critical authentication bypass vulnerability in WSO2 products permits unauthenticated attackers to execute unauthorized administrative actions, posing a severe risk to system integrity.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-9312

Affected Software: WSO2 Multiple Products (API Manager, Identity Server, Traffic Manager, Universal Gateway, and Identity Server as Key Manager)

Affected Versions: See WSO2 Security Advisory WSO2-2025-4494 for detailed version ranges

Vulnerability: This is a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability (CWE-306) where the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation fails to validate client certificates in default configurations. An unauthenticated attacker with network access to the affected endpoints can trigger these services to accept requests without verifying identity, resulting in full administrative access.

Business Impact

The exploitation of this vulnerability leads to a total loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as unauthorized actors can perform administrative operations across the affected WSO2 infrastructure. Given the CVSS score of 9.8, this flaw represents a critical risk that could facilitate data exfiltration or complete system takeover. Organizations relying on these products for identity or API management face significant reputational and operational damage if these interfaces are exposed to untrusted networks.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Consult the official WSO2 security advisory at https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4494/ and apply the provided patches or configuration changes immediately.

Proactive Monitoring: Review system access logs for anomalous API requests or unexpected administrative activity originating from unknown or unauthorized IP addresses.

Compensating Controls: Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to restrict access to sensitive REST and SOAP endpoints, ensuring that only trusted traffic reaches the internal services.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No

Analyst Notes: As of Nov 18, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The vulnerability is highly exploitable in default configurations where mTLS is enabled but improperly enforced, making immediate patching a priority for any internet-facing WSO2 deployment.

Analyst Recommendation

The critical nature of this vulnerability requires immediate attention from all security administrators managing WSO2 environments. Because the flaw allows for unauthenticated administrative access, patching should be prioritized over other maintenance tasks. Ensure that all affected product instances are updated to the versions specified in the vendor advisory to mitigate the risk of unauthorized exploitation.

Description Summary:
WSO2 API Manager and API Control Plane contain an improper privilege management flaw in the Dynamic Client Registration endpoint, allowing unauthenticated attackers to generate unauthorized access tokens.

Executive Summary:
A critical authentication bypass vulnerability in WSO2 API Manager and API Control Plane allows unauthenticated attackers to gain administrative access via token manipulation.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-9152

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager and API Control Plane

Affected Versions: See metadata for specific version ranges.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability stems from missing authentication and authorization checks within the keymanager-operations Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) endpoint. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to interact with the DCR process to generate access tokens with elevated privileges.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation poses a severe threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected environment. With the ability to generate unauthorized administrative tokens, an attacker could assume full control over API management functions, potentially leading to total system compromise, exfiltration of sensitive data, and unauthorized modification of API configurations. Given the CVSS score of 9.8, this vulnerability is classified as critical and requires immediate attention to prevent widespread impact.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Upgrade all instances of WSO2 API Manager and API Control Plane to the versions specified in the official WSO2 security advisory (WSO2-2025-4483).

Proactive Monitoring: Review API access logs for anomalous registration activity or unusual token generation patterns originating from the Dynamic Client Registration endpoint.

Compensating Controls: Implement strict network access control lists to restrict access to the management and DCR endpoints to authorized IP ranges only until the patch is applied.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No (exploit_available: unknown)

Analyst Notes: As of Oct 16, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The flaw is highly attractive to attackers due to its lack of authentication requirements and the high level of impact associated with administrative token generation.

Analyst Recommendation

The severity of this vulnerability, combined with its automatable nature, necessitates immediate remediation. Administrators should prioritize upgrading to the patched versions referenced in the WSO2 security advisory to neutralize the risk of unauthorized administrative access. Failure to patch these systems leaves the underlying API infrastructure exposed to complete takeover by unauthenticated remote actors.

Description Summary:
A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WSO2 products allows attackers to perform unauthorized state-changing operations via crafted HTTP GET requests to the Carbon console.

Executive Summary:
A Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability in multiple WSO2 products could allow an attacker to perform unauthorized administrative actions by tricking an authenticated user into visiting a malicious link.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-6670

Affected Software: WSO2 (Various Products including API Manager, Open Banking, Traffic Manager, Universal Gateway, and API Control Plane)

Affected Versions: WSO2 API Manager (3.1.0-4.4.0), Traffic Manager (4.5.0-4.6.0), Universal Gateway (4.5.0-4.6.0), API Control Plane (4.5.0-4.6.0), and specific versions of Open Banking AM and IAM.

Vulnerability: This is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CWE-352) flaw where state-changing operations in the Carbon console event processor utilize the HTTP GET method. Because the application improperly relies on SameSite=Lax cookie attributes, an attacker can force an authenticated administrator to execute unintended, unauthorized administrative commands.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation permits an attacker to perform unauthorized administrative operations, potentially leading to full service disruption, data modification, or account configuration changes. With a CVSS score of 8.8, this vulnerability represents a high risk to organizational integrity, as it bypasses intended access controls through user-assisted interaction.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the vendor-provided security updates immediately by following the official WSO2 security advisory at https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4117/.

Proactive Monitoring: Review access logs for the Carbon console for anomalous GET requests originating from unexpected sources or unusual patterns of administrative activity.

Compensating Controls: Ensure the Carbon console is not exposed to untrusted networks, and implement strict network segmentation to limit the reach of potential CSRF attacks.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: exploit_available (unknown)

Analyst Notes: As of November 18, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While CSRF is a common attack vector, the requirement for an authenticated user to perform a specific action limits its immediate exposure.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high severity score and the potential for unauthorized administrative manipulation, organizations utilizing the affected WSO2 products must prioritize applying the vendor patches. Administrators should verify their current version against the specific ranges provided in the vendor advisory and perform the necessary updates to ensure the Carbon console is protected against these forged requests.

Description Summary:
A critical flaw in a system REST API allows an authenticated administrator to upload arbitrary files to user-controlled locations, leading to remote code execution.

Executive Summary:
An authenticated administrator can exploit a file upload vulnerability in the system REST API to achieve remote code execution, leading to complete system compromise.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-13590

Affected Software: Affected software utilizing the identified REST API

Affected Versions: See vendor advisory for specific affected versions

Vulnerability: This vulnerability involves an arbitrary file upload via a system REST API. An attacker with administrative privileges can bypass restrictions to upload a specially crafted payload to a sensitive directory, subsequently executing it to achieve RCE.

Business Impact

While this requires administrative access, it facilitates malicious insider activity or allows an attacker who has compromised an admin account to achieve persistent, deep-system access. The CVSS score of 9.1 reflects the critical impact of RCE, even when conditioned on high-level authentication.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the latest security patches provided by the vendor to restrict file upload paths and validate file contents.

Proactive Monitoring: Audit administrative REST API logs for file upload requests to non-standard or executable directories.

Compensating Controls: Implement strict file system permissions to prevent the execution of files in directories where the REST API has write access.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No

Analyst Notes: As of Feb 19, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation. The requirement for administrative credentials limits the initial attack surface but increases the risk of post-exploitation persistence.

Analyst Recommendation

Organizations should ensure that administrative accounts are protected with multi-factor authentication (MFA) to prevent the initial access required for this exploit. Apply vendor-supplied patches immediately to close the RCE vector.

Description Summary:
Administrative operations within the WSO2 Carbon Console fail to properly validate input, allowing an attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary OS commands remotely.

Executive Summary:
A critical OS command injection vulnerability in the WSO2 Carbon Console allows authenticated administrators to achieve full remote code execution and system compromise.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-12737

Affected Software: WSO2 Open Banking AM, IAM, Traffic Manager, Universal Gateway, API Control Plane, and API Manager.

Affected Versions: See enrichment data for specific affected version ranges across multiple WSO2 products.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is an OS Command Injection (CWE-78) flaw residing in the Carbon Console. It requires an attacker to possess existing administrative privileges to successfully trigger the execution of arbitrary commands.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation leads to a total compromise of the affected system, as the attacker gains the ability to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the underlying application service. Given the CVSS score of 8.4, the business impact is severe, potentially resulting in unauthorized data exfiltration, service disruption, and the loss of integrity for critical API management infrastructure.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Administrators must review the official WSO2 security advisory at https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4771/ and apply the provided patches for their specific product version immediately.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor system and application logs for unusual process execution patterns or unexpected shell commands originating from the Carbon Console service account.

Compensating Controls: Restrict access to the Carbon Console to trusted management networks only and ensure the principle of least privilege is applied to all accounts with administrative access to the platform.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No (exploit_available: false)

Analyst Notes: As of September 4, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While exploitation requires high privileges, the ability to achieve remote code execution makes this a high-priority risk for environments where administrative account security might be compromised.

Analyst Recommendation

The severity of this vulnerability necessitates a rapid response to ensure that all affected WSO2 components are updated to the vendor-specified patch levels. Organizations should prioritize patching in production environments that expose the Carbon Console to network segments to minimize the risk of lateral movement by an adversary who has gained administrative credentials.

Description Summary:
A vulnerability in the Velocity template engine allows authenticated administrators to perform remote code execution via injected template syntax.

Executive Summary:
WSO2 Identity Server is affected by a critical template injection vulnerability that enables remote code execution for authenticated administrators.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-12107

Affected Software: WSO2 Identity Server

Affected Versions: 5.11.0.130 up to (excluding) 5.11.0.299

Vulnerability: This vulnerability (CWE-1336) involves improper neutralization of special elements within a third-party Velocity template engine, allowing an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary template code on the underlying server.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation allows an attacker with administrative access to achieve remote code execution, leading to full system compromise. Given the CVSS score of 10.0, this represents an extreme risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability, potentially allowing an attacker to move laterally within the network or exfiltrate identity-related sensitive data.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Update WSO2 Identity Server to version 5.11.0.299 or later as per the vendor's security advisory.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor server logs for unauthorized modifications to template files and anomalous execution patterns originating from administrative sessions.

Compensating Controls: Ensure strict access control lists (ACLs) for administrative panels and utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to detect and block suspicious template syntax patterns.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown

Analyst Notes: As of Feb 20, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability.

Analyst Recommendation

The severity of this flaw cannot be overstated, as it provides a direct path to total system takeover for anyone possessing administrative credentials. Administrators must prioritize applying the vendor-provided patch immediately to eliminate the underlying template engine vulnerability.

Description Summary:
A code injection vulnerability in WSO2 products allows authenticated users with elevated privileges to execute arbitrary code via the GraalJS and NashornJS Script Mediator engines.

Executive Summary:
WSO2 products are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution, posing a critical risk to the integration runtime environment for organizations using these platforms.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-11093

Affected Software: WSO2 (Multiple Products)

Affected Versions: See enrichment data for specific build numbers across WSO2 Micro Integrator, API Manager, Enterprise Integrator, Universal Gateway, API Control Plane, and Traffic Manager.

Vulnerability: The flaw stems from insufficient security restrictions within the GraalJS and NashornJS Script Mediator engines. Authenticated users with administrative or API creator privileges can leverage these engines to perform unauthorized code execution within the integration runtime.

Business Impact

The ability to execute arbitrary code allows an attacker to gain full control over the integration runtime, potentially leading to total system compromise, data exfiltration, or the disruption of critical API and integration services. With a CVSS score of 8.4, this vulnerability represents a high-severity threat that could lead to significant operational downtime and the loss of sensitive data processed by WSO2 middleware.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Upgrade all affected WSO2 components to the patched build versions specified in the official WSO2 security advisory (WSO2-2025-4510).

Proactive Monitoring: Review administrative audit logs for any unusual activity involving script mediator configurations or unexpected code execution patterns within the integration runtime.

Compensating Controls: Restrict administrative and API creator access to the minimum set of necessary personnel to reduce the attack surface for this authenticated-only flaw.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No (exploit_available: false)

Analyst Notes: As of November 6, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While the vulnerability requires elevated privileges, the potential for total system impact makes it a significant concern for administrators.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the high CVSS score and the potential for full system compromise, organizations must prioritize patching these WSO2 products immediately. Security teams should verify their current build versions against the list provided in the vendor advisory and apply the necessary updates to ensure the security of their integration infrastructure.

Description Summary:
A flaw in WSO2 authentication modules allows locked accounts to be accessed via Magic Link or Pass Key, bypassing standard account state validation.

Executive Summary:
A critical authentication bypass in WSO2 Identity Server and MagicLink Authenticator allows access to locked accounts, requiring an immediate update to patched versions.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-10908

Affected Software: WSO2 Identity Server and WSO2 Carbon MagicLink Authenticator Module

Affected Versions: Identity Server (6.0.0, 6.1.0, 7.0.0, 7.1.0) and specific versions of the MagicLink Authenticator (1.1.0, 1.1.5, 1.1.22, 1.1.31)

Vulnerability: This is an authentication bypass vulnerability (CWE-863) where the system fails to validate account state (e.g., locked status) when using Magic Link or Pass Key methods. This is an unauthenticated vulnerability (PR:N) that does not require user interaction.

Business Impact

This vulnerability enables attackers to gain access to accounts that have been explicitly locked by administrators for security reasons. This bypass undermines organizational access control policies, potentially allowing attackers to maintain persistence or access sensitive data. The CVSS score of 7.3 highlights the high risk posed by failing to enforce account state during the authentication flow.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Update the WSO2 Carbon MagicLink Authenticator Module to version 1.1.43 or later as specified in the official WSO2 security advisory: https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4388/.

Proactive Monitoring: Review authentication logs for successful logins occurring on accounts marked as "locked" or "disabled" within the WSO2 platform.

Compensating Controls: Temporarily disable the MagicLink and Pass Key authentication methods if an immediate update cannot be performed.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown

Analyst Notes: As of May 12, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The flaw is inherently dangerous due to its ability to bypass standard account lifecycle security controls.

Analyst Recommendation

This vulnerability represents a direct bypass of account security controls. Organizations using the affected WSO2 components must prioritize the application of the vendor-provided patches immediately to ensure that locked accounts remain secure and inaccessible to unauthorized parties.

Description Summary:
A file upload vulnerability in WSO2 SOAP admin services allows administrators to upload malicious files, potentially resulting in remote code execution.

Executive Summary:
A critical arbitrary file upload vulnerability in multiple WSO2 products could allow an authenticated administrator to achieve remote code execution on the underlying server.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-10907

Affected Software: WSO2 Multiple Products

Affected Versions: See WSO2 security advisory WSO2-2025-4603 for specific version ranges per product.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability (CWE-434) stems from insufficient validation of file content and destination within SOAP admin services. It requires an attacker to possess administrative privileges to successfully execute the attack.

Business Impact

The ability to perform arbitrary file uploads with administrative access poses a severe risk to organizational infrastructure. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or the deployment of persistent backdoors, ultimately resulting in significant operational downtime and loss of service integrity. The CVSS score of 8.4 reflects the high risk of total impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Apply the specific security patches provided by WSO2 in their official advisory at https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4603/.

Proactive Monitoring: Review administrative access logs for unusual file upload activities or unexpected changes to the filesystem within the application directory.

Compensating Controls: Restrict access to administrative SOAP services to trusted network segments and implement strict file type filtering at the network perimeter if immediate patching is not feasible.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No

Analyst Notes: As of November 6, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While the flaw is highly impactful, the requirement for administrative privileges naturally limits the attack surface.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the potential for remote code execution, this vulnerability represents a significant risk to the security of WSO2 deployments. Administrators must prioritize the application of vendor-supplied patches to close the upload validation gap. Until updates are applied, ensure that access to administrative interfaces is strictly controlled and monitored to prevent misuse by compromised or unauthorized accounts.

Description Summary:
WSO2 products contain an access control flaw allowing unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication and authorization checks, potentially leading to full administrative control.

Executive Summary:
An unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in multiple WSO2 products poses a critical risk by allowing unauthorized administrative access.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-10611

Affected Software: WSO2 (API Manager, API Control Plane, Open Banking AM, Open Banking IAM, Identity Server, Identity Server as Key Manager)

Affected Versions: Various versions as specified in WSO2 Security Advisory WSO2-2025-4585.

Vulnerability: The vulnerability stems from insufficient access control within multiple REST APIs, which allows an unauthenticated attacker to invoke sensitive functions without providing valid credentials or authorization.

Business Impact

The CVSS score of 9.8 reflects the critical nature of this flaw, as it allows for total compromise of the affected identity and API management infrastructure. Successful exploitation enables an attacker to perform administrative operations, resulting in complete unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential service disruption, and systemic loss of trust in the organization's authentication framework.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Administrators must apply the patches provided in WSO2 Security Advisory WSO2-2025-4585 immediately to all affected instances.

Proactive Monitoring: Security teams should monitor server access logs for unusual REST API requests or unauthorized attempts to access administrative endpoints from external sources.

Compensating Controls: Implement strict network segmentation and utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block unauthorized attempts to reach administrative REST API endpoints until patching is complete.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown

Analyst Notes: As of October 16, 2025, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The flaw is highly dangerous due to its remote, unauthenticated nature and the high level of impact on core security infrastructure.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the critical severity of this vulnerability and the potential for full administrative takeover, organizations must prioritize patching as the highest priority. Failure to remediate this vulnerability exposes the entire identity and API management ecosystem to total compromise by unauthenticated external actors.

Description Summary:
The WSO2 Magic Link authentication flow is vulnerable to a denial-of-service condition due to insufficient rate limiting on invalid authentication requests, leading to uncontrolled memory consumption.

Executive Summary:
A critical resource consumption vulnerability in the WSO2 Magic Link authentication flow allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger a denial-of-service by exhausting system memory.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2025-10470

Affected Software: WSO2 Identity Server and Carbon MagicLink Authenticator Module

Affected Versions: Identity Server 7.0.0 (up to 7.0.0.121); MagicLink Authenticator 1.1.22 (up to 1.1.22.3)

Vulnerability: The application lacks adequate rate limiting (CWE-400) for incoming authentication requests. An unauthenticated attacker can submit a high volume of invalid requests, causing the system to consume excessive memory and ultimately leading to service unavailability.

Business Impact

Rated at CVSS 8.6, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the availability of identity services. A successful denial-of-service attack could prevent legitimate users from authenticating, effectively halting business operations that rely on the affected WSO2 infrastructure.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Upgrade the WSO2 Carbon MagicLink Authenticator Module to version 1.1.31 or higher and follow the specific guidance provided in the vendor security advisory.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor system memory usage and authentication request rates to identify spikes indicative of a potential denial-of-service attack.

Compensating Controls: Implement rate limiting at the network or API gateway layer to throttle incoming authentication requests before they reach the vulnerable service.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: Unknown.

Analyst Notes: As of May 29, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The vulnerability is highly automatable, making it an attractive target for service disruption.

Analyst Recommendation

The severity of this vulnerability necessitates prompt action to stabilize the identity environment. Administrators should apply the vendor-provided updates immediately and consider implementing temporary rate-limiting controls if an immediate upgrade is not feasible.

Description Summary:
Multiple WSO2 products contain an XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in their XML parsers, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read local files or perform denial of service attacks.

Executive Summary:
A critical XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access sensitive system files or cause service disruption.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-2374

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager, Identity Server, and Open Banking suite

Affected Versions: See the version list provided in the metadata section above.

Vulnerability: This vulnerability is caused by improper restriction of XML External Entity (XXE) references (CWE-611). The XML parsers in the affected WSO2 products fail to disable external entity resolution, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to supply malicious XML payloads that can retrieve local files or trigger resource exhaustion.

Business Impact

The vulnerability carries a CVSS score of 7.5, reflecting its high potential for data exposure and service instability. Successful exploitation allows unauthorized parties to read confidential files from the underlying file system, potentially exposing credentials, configuration data, or private keys. Additionally, attackers can leverage this flaw to perform denial of service attacks, which could result in significant operational downtime for critical identity and API management infrastructure.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Administrators must apply the security updates provided by WSO2 at their official security advisory page (https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2024-3255/).

Proactive Monitoring: Review web server and application access logs for unusual XML payloads, particularly those containing DOCTYPE declarations or external entity references.

Compensating Controls: Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured to inspect incoming XML traffic and block requests containing suspicious external entity definitions.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: exploit_available (false)

Analyst Notes: As of April 18, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. While exploitation is technically straightforward for an unauthenticated user, the lack of widespread public exploit code reduces the immediate risk, though patching remains a high priority.

Analyst Recommendation

Given the severity of potential data exfiltration, organizations utilizing these WSO2 products must prioritize the application of the vendor-supplied patches. Organizations unable to patch immediately should implement strict WAF rules to sanitize XML inputs and restrict access to vulnerable endpoints. Failure to remediate this vulnerability leaves sensitive internal configurations exposed to unauthenticated remote actors.

Description Summary:
A flaw in WSO2 products with Silent Just-In-Time Provisioning enabled allows federated users to potentially overwrite local user account information if usernames overlap.

Executive Summary:
A critical authentication bypass vulnerability in WSO2 API Manager and Identity Server allows attackers to hijack local user accounts through federated provisioning.

Vulnerability Details

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-1524

Affected Software: WSO2 API Manager and WSO2 Identity Server

Affected Versions: WSO2 API Manager: 4.2.0 up to (excluding) 4.2.0.108; WSO2 Identity Server: 6.0.0 up to (excluding) 6.0.0.171, 6.1.0 up to (excluding) 6.1.0.128

Vulnerability: This is an authentication bypass by spoofing (CWE-290) occurring when the Silent Just-In-Time provisioning feature is enabled, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to associate a local account with a federated identity they control.

Business Impact

Successful exploitation permits an unauthorized party to gain control over existing local user accounts, potentially leading to unauthorized data access and privilege escalation. Given the CVSS score of 7.7, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizational identity management systems and the integrity of user authentication processes.

Remediation Plan

Immediate Action: Upgrade to the patched versions provided in the WSO2 security advisory (WSO2-2024-3144) as soon as possible.

Proactive Monitoring: Monitor authentication logs for suspicious account linking activity or unexpected changes to local user profiles occurring during federated login events.

Compensating Controls: If immediate patching is not feasible, consider disabling the Silent Just-In-Time provisioning feature for federated identity providers until the software can be updated.

Exploitation Status

Public Exploit Available: No

Analyst Notes: As of February 25, 2026, there is no public information indicating active exploitation or a public proof-of-concept for this vulnerability. The flaw requires specific configuration preconditions and attacker knowledge of target usernames, which slightly lowers the probability of widespread automated exploitation.

Analyst Recommendation

The risk associated with account hijacking in identity provider software is substantial, as it undermines the foundation of access control. Administrators are strongly advised to verify their current WSO2 deployments against the affected versions listed above and apply the vendor-supplied patches immediately to prevent potential account takeover attempts.